Polynomial driven time base and PN generator

In support of the planetary radar upgrade new hardware was designed to increase resolution and take advantage of new technology. Included is a description of the Polynomial Driven Time Base and PN Generator which is used for range gate coding in the planetary radar system

Numerical interactive controller

Device allows interaction of operator with data in computer central processor in order to shift frame of data in Cartesian coordinates and slew desired data into view. ''Cursor generator program,'' in conjunction with device, provides light pen with sufficient resolving power to identify any particular set of coordinates with single-cell accuracy

Numerical computer peripheral interactive device with manual controls

A computer peripheral device is disclosed which includes a joystick whose displacement from a counter position along two axes X and Y in either a plus (+) or a minus (-) direction is sensed. The displacement magnitude in either direction controls the rate of clock pulses provided by a variable frequency clock. The clock pulses from the two clocks are accumulated in two separate counters, whose contents are displayed. The contents of the counters are suppliable to a computer to update the contents of specific cells which define the position of a cursor on a display which is under computer control

Survey of current correlators and applications

With this summary an attempt is made to contact as many users as possible so as to provide summary data on correlation systems, both in use and as planned. Data on currently available very large scale integration (VLSI) chips and complete systems are included. Also, several planned correlator systems are described and summarized in tabular form. Finally, a description is given of the work being done in the Communications Systems Research Section on VLSI correlator chips and complete correlator systems

NUMERICAL COMPUTER PERPHERAL INTERACTIVE DEVICE WITH MANUAL CONTROLS

A computer peripheral device is disclosed which in cludes a joystick whose displacement from a center position along two axes X and Y in either a plus (+) or a minus (-) direction is sensed. The displacement magnitude in either direction controls the rate of clock pulses provided by a variable frequency clock. The clock pulses from the two clocks are accumulated in two separate counters, whose contents are dis played. The contents of the counters are suppliable to a computer to update the contents of specific cells which define the position of a cursor on a display which is under computer control

Bilanz der tschechischen Innenpolitik im Jahre 1993

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die innenpolitische Situation der Tschechischen Republik nach Teilung der Föderation. Das Jahr 1993 war von der Suche nach nationaler Identität im neuen selbständigen Staat gekennzeichnet. Die Verhandlungen über die gegenseitigen Beziehungen zwischen der Tschechischen Republik und der Slowakei wurden in Form eines Abkommens festgelegt. Die Währung wurde getrennt und eine Zollunion gebildet. Das Parteiensystem zeigt nach den Wählerpräferenzen von 1993 die Tendenz, sich auf drei oder vier politische Parteien zu konzentrieren. Es fehlt jedoch noch eine starke und konstruktive Oppositon. Die Probleme, die 1993 von der Bevölkerung laut Meinungsumfragen als schwerwiegend eingestuft wurden, waren Kriminalität und ungenügende Sicherheit der Bürger, Gesundheitswesen, Lebensstandard, Umwelt und Wirtschaftsreform. Die Zukunftsperspektive der Bevölkerung ist optimistisch; diese Stimmung ist mit dem Vertrauen in die wirtschaftlichen Reformen verbunden. Das spiegelt sich auch in den relativ stabilen Wählerpräferenzen und der eher rechtsorientierten Einstellung der Bevölkerung wider. (psz

Estimation of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic response from one-dimensional gas chromatography data

Trabajo presentado a la XV Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (SECyTA) celebrada en Castellón de la Plana del 28 al 30 de octubre de 2015Optimization of a separation in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) requires the selection of an appropriate set column, and the optimisation of their respective dimensions, temperature programs and flow rates. Until not so long ago, a time consuming trial and error process was the only way to select the columns and chromatographic conditions for the two GC dimensions. During the last few years, several attempts have been proposed to estimate the chromatographic response in GC×GC [1-4]. Although most of these methods are helpful contributions, some of them focussed exclusively on the retention time estimation and do not consider the effect of peak width, also essential for a correct prediction of the chromatographic separation capability. Others are based on theoretical formulas not applicable to the extreme experimental conditions used in GC×GC, or are only valid for specific types of compounds or stationary phases: these models cannot be corrected for different separation problems. In this work, modelization of retention time and peak width has been carried out from experimental 1D GC data in order to estimate the response in GC×GC separation for different column sets operated under different flows and temperatures. Several theoretical and experimental models are proposed for estimation of 1D and 2D retention time and peak width; in experimental models, 1D GC data are required together with information on column characteristics and operation conditions. Models for hold-up time, retention factor and peak width were first validated in 1D GC from the fit between experimental and calculated data. Their validation in GC×GC was carried out by using n-alkanes and a mixture of disaccharides as their trimethylsilyl oxime derivatives. Comparison of experimental and estimated data showed good results for retention time in both first and second dimension. Peak widths presented, however, some errors, caused by the no consideration on estimation of the effect of the modulator or the rather unusual chromatographic conditions used. The developed programme is very versatile as it can be used for the calculation of the chromatographic response of compounds with different polarity and volatility, analysed under different pressures and temperature ramps, and with different sets of columns. [1] J.V. Seeley, E.M. Libby, K.A.H. Edwards, S.K. Seeley, J. Chromatogr. A 1216 (2009) 1650. [2] F.L. Dorman, P.D. Schettler, L.A. Vogt, J.W. Cochran, J. Chromatogr. A 1186 (2008) 196. [3] Y. Zhao, J. Zhang, B. Wang, S.H. Kim, A. Fang, B. Bogdanov, Z. Zhou, C. McClain, X. Zhang, J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 2577. [4] S. Zhu, S. He, D.R. Worton, A.H. Goldstein, J. Chromatogr. A 1233 (2012) 147. Acknowledgements: This work has been funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project CTQ2012-32957), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) and European funding from FEDER program (AVANSECAL-CM S2013/ABI-3028) and Fundación Ramón Areces. ACS thanks Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain for a Ramón y Cajal contract.CTQ2012-32957Peer reviewe

Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in Aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henle's loop and a kidney-derived cell line

© 2002 Yool et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.BACKGROUND: Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels are constitutively active water channels that allow rapid transmembrane osmotic water flux, and also serve as cyclic-GMP-gated ion channels. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 0.05 to 10 mM) was shown previously to inhibit the osmotic water permeability of human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The purpose of the present study was to determine if TEA blocks osmotic water flux of native AQP1 channels in kidney, and recombinant AQP1 channels expressed in a kidney derived MDCK cell line. We also demonstrate that TEA does not inhibit the cGMP-dependent ionic conductance of AQP1 expressed in oocytes, supporting the idea that water and ion fluxes involve pharmacologically distinct pathways in the AQP1 tetrameric complex. RESULTS: TEA blocked water permeability of AQP1 channels in kidney and kidney-derived cells, demonstrating this effect is not limited to the oocyte expression system. Equivalent inhibition is seen in MDCK cells with viral-mediated AQP1 expression, and in rat renal descending thin limbs of Henle's loops which abundantly express native AQP1, but not in ascending thin limbs which do not express AQP1. External TEA (10 mM) does not block the cGMP-dependent AQP1 ionic conductance, measured by two-electrode voltage clamp after pre-incubation of oocytes in 8Br-cGMP (10–50 mM) or during application of the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (2–4 mM). CONCLUSIONS: TEA selectively inhibits osmotic water permeability through native and heterologously expressed AQP1 channels. The pathways for water and ions in AQP1 differ in pharmacological sensitivity to TEA, and are consistent with the idea of independent solute pathways within the channel structure. The results confirm the usefulness of TEA as a pharmacological tool for the analysis of AQP1 function.Andrea J Yool, Olga H Brokl, Thomas L Pannabecker, William H Dantzler and W Daniel Stame