123 research outputs found
Precipitation of some slightly soluble salts using emulsion liquid membranes
Emulsion liquid membranes were used for precipitation of different sparingly soluble salts: calcium oxalate, copper oxalate, nickel oxalate, cobalt oxalate, lanthanum oxalate, calcium phosphate, cobalt phosphate, copper phosphate, lanthanum phosphate, barium sulphate, strontium sulphate and calcium sulphate. For the transport of a desired cation or anion from the feed into the stripping solution, where the precipitation occurred, one of the commercial ligands (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, D2EHPA; 2-hydroxy-5-nonyl-acetophenone oxime, LIX 84; trioctylamine, ALAMIN 336) dissolved in kerosene, was used as a carrier. The precipitates obtained were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The effect of the transport mechanism on the properties of salt precipitated was studied on calcium and copper oxalate model systems. It was found that copper oxalate hemihydrate and calcium oxalate monohydrate precipitated regardless of whether oxalic acid or a cation (calcium or copper) was transported into the stripping solution. It was also found that the particles of the precipitate were smaller when oxalic acid was transported
Primjena GIS-a u penjanju
ZavrÅ”ni rad bavi se projektiranjem i implementiranjem GIS-a u aplikaciju za pametne mobilne telefone. Opisan je proces sustava za izradu aplikacije, principi rada pametnih telefona i geoinformacijskog sustava te su na temelju prouÄene i analizirane literature opisani postupci koje treba odraditi kako bi se projekt realizirao.
Prvi dio zavrÅ”nog rada sastoji se od uvoda u rad, u drugom dijelu opisuju se pametni telefoni i Android operacijski sustavi, u treÄem dijelu opisuju se GPS odaÅ”iljaÄi i prijamnici, programski jezici i baze podataka, dok je konkretnija procedura izrade aplikacije za primjenu GIS-a u penjanju opisana u Äetvrtom dijelu zavrÅ”nog rada
Challenges of ecological agriculture in the European union from administrations' and farmers' perspective
Tijekom posljednjeg desetljeÄa uoÄen je porast interesa poljoprivrednika za bavljenjem
ekoloŔkom proizvodnjom Ŕto pokazuje da je globalni trend prelaska na ekoloŔku
poljoprivredu zahvatio i Republiku Hrvatsku. U promatranom razdoblju (2009.-2016.) na
podruÄju Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije (BBŽ), zabilježen je znatan porast u broju ekoloÅ”kih
proizvoÄaÄa kao i u povrÅ”inama pod ekoloÅ”kom proizvodnjom. Ciljevi rada su utvrditi
promjene u broju ekoloÅ”kih proizvoÄaÄa na razini Hrvatske, utvrditi strukturu povrÅ”ina pod
ekoloÅ”kom proizvodnjom (biljna i stoÄarska proizvodnja) na razini Hrvatske, te na primjeru
BBŽ-a identificirati promjene u politikama koje reguliraju ekoloŔku proizvodnju prije i nakon
pristupanja EU. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo razdoblje od 2009. do 2016. godine. Uz statistiÄke
podatke Eurostata, Ministarstva poljoprivrede i Državnog zavoda za statistiku i analizu
sadržaja pravilnika o ekoloŔkoj proizvodnji, za potrebe rada proveo se polustrukturirani
intervju s poljoprivrednicima i djelatnicima raznih službi na podruÄju BBŽ-a.Over the past decade, an increasing interest of farmers has been observed in ecological
production, which indicates that the global trend of transition to ecological agriculture has
also affected the Republic of Croatia. In the research period on the observed area of
Bjelovar-Bilogora County (BBZ), there has been a significant increase in the number of
organic producers as well as in organic production areas. The aims of this paper are to
identify changes in the number of organic producers in Croatia, to determine the structure
of organic production area (crop and livestock production) in Croatia, and also to identify
BBZ's changes in policies that regulate organic production before and after EU accession. The
research covered the period from 2009. to 2016. Along with the Eurostat, Ministry of
Agriculture and Croatian Bureau of Statistics data and the content analysis of the Organic
Production Act, a semi-structured interview with farmers and employees of various services
in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County was conducted
Abbreviations in Croatian Standard Language in the past and today
U radu se prikazuje kako se krate rijeÄi u hrvatskome standardnome jeziku. Pruža se i kraÄi povijesni pregled kraÄenja rijeÄi. u 20. stoljeÄu prema normativnim priruÄnicima: pravopisima, gramatikama, rjeÄnicima i jeziÄnim savjetnicima. Iznose se pravila kraÄenja rijeÄi, odnosno stvaranja kratica i pokrata. Detaljno se opisuju pravopisna, gramatiÄka i tvorbena svojstva kratica i pokrata te izgovor pokrata. Istraživanje prikazuje kako se kratice i pokrate danas upotrebljavaju u trima funkcionalnim stilovima hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika: publicistiÄki, administrativni i znanstveni. Može se zakljuÄiti da je suvremena komunikacija nemoguÄa bez upotrebe kratica i pokrata te da su pravila propisana u hrvatskim standardnim normativnim priruÄnicima, ponajviÅ”e u pravopisima i jeziÄnim savjetnicima. Pravila se prema istraživanju veÄinom dosljedno poÅ”tuju, a pogreÅ”ke su vezane za izostavljanje bjeline nakon toÄke kod pisanja kratica te nepravilna sklonidba pokrata stranoga podrijetla.The paper presents how words are shortened in Croatian standard language. There is also a brief historical review of shortening words in the 20th century according to normative manuals: grammar books, dictionaries and language consultants. The paper shows the rules of creating abbreviations and acronyms and the pronunciation of acronyms.The research shows how abbreviation and acronyms are used today through three functional styles of the Croatian standard language: publicist, administrative and scientific style. It concluded that contemporary communication is impossible without the use of abbreviations and acronyms and that the rules are prescribed in Croatian standard normative manuals, most notably in grammar books and language consultants. Rules, based on the research, are mostly respected, and mistakes are related to the omission of whiteness after the point in writing the abbreviations and the wrong declination of the acronyms of foreign origin
Primjena GIS-a u penjanju
ZavrÅ”ni rad bavi se projektiranjem i implementiranjem GIS-a u aplikaciju za pametne mobilne telefone. Opisan je proces sustava za izradu aplikacije, principi rada pametnih telefona i geoinformacijskog sustava te su na temelju prouÄene i analizirane literature opisani postupci koje treba odraditi kako bi se projekt realizirao.
Prvi dio zavrÅ”nog rada sastoji se od uvoda u rad, u drugom dijelu opisuju se pametni telefoni i Android operacijski sustavi, u treÄem dijelu opisuju se GPS odaÅ”iljaÄi i prijamnici, programski jezici i baze podataka, dok je konkretnija procedura izrade aplikacije za primjenu GIS-a u penjanju opisana u Äetvrtom dijelu zavrÅ”nog rada
Formation and Morphology of Struvite and Newberyite in Aqueous Solutions at 25 and 37 Ā°C
The influence of the initial reactant concentrations (ci(Mg)tot = 5.0 x 10ā6 to 5.0 x 10ā1 mol dmā3, ci(P)tot = ci(NH4)tot = 1.0 x 10ā3 to 5.0 x 10ā1 mol dmā3) and temperature (25 and 37 Ā°C) on the composition and morphology of the precipitates formed in the system MgCl2-NH4H2PO4-NaOH-H2O at initial pHi = 7.40 has been investigated. Precipitation diagrams are presented showing the concentration regions within which different morphologies of solid phase have been formed. The solid phases aged for 24 hours were characterized by means of optical microscopy, FT-IR spectrophotometry, X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetry. It was found that struvite was a predominant phase formed within the concentration region examined and newberyite was obtained only in the region where pH24h < 6.5. The influence of the initial pH on the formation and transformation of these two compounds were studied in the region 5.0 pHi ā¤ 9.0 and the results
are discussed
Proizvodnja kuÄiÅ”ta rasvjetnog tijela tipa Hyper
Rad ne sadrži sažetak
Abbreviations in Croatian Standard Language in the past and today
U radu se prikazuje kako se krate rijeÄi u hrvatskome standardnome jeziku. Pruža se i kraÄi povijesni pregled kraÄenja rijeÄi. u 20. stoljeÄu prema normativnim priruÄnicima: pravopisima, gramatikama, rjeÄnicima i jeziÄnim savjetnicima. Iznose se pravila kraÄenja rijeÄi, odnosno stvaranja kratica i pokrata. Detaljno se opisuju pravopisna, gramatiÄka i tvorbena svojstva kratica i pokrata te izgovor pokrata. Istraživanje prikazuje kako se kratice i pokrate danas upotrebljavaju u trima funkcionalnim stilovima hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika: publicistiÄki, administrativni i znanstveni. Može se zakljuÄiti da je suvremena komunikacija nemoguÄa bez upotrebe kratica i pokrata te da su pravila propisana u hrvatskim standardnim normativnim priruÄnicima, ponajviÅ”e u pravopisima i jeziÄnim savjetnicima. Pravila se prema istraživanju veÄinom dosljedno poÅ”tuju, a pogreÅ”ke su vezane za izostavljanje bjeline nakon toÄke kod pisanja kratica te nepravilna sklonidba pokrata stranoga podrijetla.The paper presents how words are shortened in Croatian standard language. There is also a brief historical review of shortening words in the 20th century according to normative manuals: grammar books, dictionaries and language consultants. The paper shows the rules of creating abbreviations and acronyms and the pronunciation of acronyms.The research shows how abbreviation and acronyms are used today through three functional styles of the Croatian standard language: publicist, administrative and scientific style. It concluded that contemporary communication is impossible without the use of abbreviations and acronyms and that the rules are prescribed in Croatian standard normative manuals, most notably in grammar books and language consultants. Rules, based on the research, are mostly respected, and mistakes are related to the omission of whiteness after the point in writing the abbreviations and the wrong declination of the acronyms of foreign origin
Factors influencing the formation of calcium oxalate hydrates in vitro
OpÄenito uzevÅ”i, na proces taloženja iz prezasiÄenih otopina utjeÄu fizikalno-kemijska svojstva tih otopina, hidrodinamiÄki Äimbenici piocesi mijeÅ”anja reaktanata i taložnoga sustava, kao i prisutnost topljivih neÄistoÄa u sustavu. Zbog važnosti procesa taloženja u brojnim podruÄjima znanosti i tehnike, od izuzetnoga su znaÄaja temeljna istraživanja tih procesa kao i meÄudjelovanja koja dovode do stvaranja taloga. Obzirom na Äinjenicu da su kalcijevi oksalati glavni sastojci mokraÄnih kamenaca, njihovo izuÄavanje, kao i izuÄavanje fizikalno-kemijskih Äimbenika koji dovode do njihovoga nastajanja jesu od posebnog znaÄaja u podruÄju patoloÅ”ke mineralizacije. Kalcijevi oksalati tvore tri hidratna oblika od kojih je monohidrat (COM) termodinamiÄki stabilan, dok su dihidrat (COD) i trihidrat (COT) metastabilni. Rezultate istraživanja utjecaja brojnih termodinamiÄkih i kinetiÄkih Äimbenika, kao i potencijalnih inhibitora na nastajanje i transformaciju kalcijevih oksalata pri razliÄitim eksperimentalnim uvjetima, prikazane u ovom pregledu, sadaÅ”nji su autori ostvarili i objavili tijekom 1980-ih.Precipitation from supersaturated solutions is in general affected by the physical chemical properties ot the solution, by the hydrodynamics of the system, i.e., by the processes of mixing reactants and stirring the system, as well as by soluble impurities present in the system. Therefore, such a knowledge should be considered in a number of areas where precipitation plays an important role. Since calcium oxalates have been found to be a major crystal constituent of urinary stones, their investigations, as well as investigations of physical chemical conditions relevant for their formation are of particular importance for fundamental research in the field of patological mineralization. Calcium oxalate forms three hydrates. These three hydrates are the thermodynamically stable monohydrate (COM) and the metastable modifications, dihydrate (COD) and trihydrate (COT). The results on investigations of the influence of a number of thermodynamic and kinetic factors, as well as the potential inhibitors, on the hydrate formation and transformation under different experimental conditions had been obtained and published by the present authors during 1980th
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