Visions of the Future as Spaces of Engagement: The Political Economy of Transit-Oriented Redevelopment in Tysons Corner, VA.

In the 1950s, Tysons Corner was a rural area of Fairfax County, VA. Today, it is the nation\u27s 12th largest collection of commercial and office space, and the textbook example of “Edge City” suburban sprawl. Throughout its history, development in Tysons closely resembled Logan and Molotch\u27s growth machine thesis. Over the past two years, a radically different future has been planned for Tysons with the arrival of the Dulles Metrorail and the drafting of a new Comprehensive Plan. This paper analyzes the new Comprehensive Plan through its series of drafts, public comments, and coverage in the media in order to situate it within the political economy of place framework. What allowed for such a dramatic shift in vision? Perhaps more critically, what role has the growth machine played in shaping this new vision? This case study demonstrates that even in (perhaps especially in) cases which represent major shifts in vison, the growth machine is likely to play a central role in shaping the extent and the boundaries of that vision. Furthermore, it examines the critical role that outside investment plays in revitalizing the growth machine, and positions the negotiation of these investments as spaces of engagement for both use and exchange value interests. In the end, this paper finds that in order to promote alternative visions for growth, one must become a knowledgable agent, capable of manipulating the development process

Boundary-Border Extensions of the Kuratowski Monoid

The Kuratowski monoid $\mathbf{K}$ is generated under operator composition by closure and complement in a nonempty topological space. It satisfies $2\leq|\mathbf{K}|\leq14$. The Gaida-Eremenko (or GE) monoid $\mathbf{KF}$ extends $\mathbf{K}$ by adding the boundary operator. It satisfies $4\leq|\mathbf{KF}|\leq34$. We show that when $|\mathbf{K}|<14$ the GE monoid is determined by $\mathbf{K}$. When $|\mathbf{K}|=14$ if the interior of the boundary of every subset is clopen, then $|\mathbf{KF}|=28$. This defines a new type of topological space we call $Kuratowski\ disconnected$. Otherwise $|\mathbf{KF}|=34$. When applied to an arbitrary subset the GE monoid collapses in one of $70$ possible ways. We investigate how these collapses and $\mathbf{KF}$ interdepend, settling two questions raised by Gardner and Jackson. Computer experimentation played a key role in our research.Comment: 48 pages, 9 figure

Intermediate range order in (Fe,Al) silicate network glasses: a neutron diffraction and EPSR modeling investigation

The local structural environment and the spatial distribution of iron and aluminum ions in sodosilicate glasses with composition NaFexAl1-xSi2O6 (x = 1, 0.8, 0.5 and 0) is studied by high-resolution neutron diffraction combined with structural modeling using the Empirical Potential Structure Refinement (EPSR) code. This work gives evidence of differences in the structural behavior of Al3+ and Fe3+, which are both often considered to act as network formers in charge-balanced compositions. The short-range environment and the structural role of the two cations are not composition dependent, and hence the structure of intermediate glasses can then be seen as a mixture of the structures of the two end-members. All Al3+ is 4-coordinated for a distance d[4]Al3+-O=1.76$\pm$0.01{\AA}. The high-resolution neutron data allows deciphering between two populations of Fe. The majority of Fe3+ is 4-coordinated (d[4]Fe3+-O=1.87$\pm$0.01{\AA}) while the remaining Fe3+ and all Fe2+ (~12% of total Fe) are 5-coordinated (d[5]Fe-O=2.01$\pm$0.01{\AA}). Both AlO4 and FeO4 are randomly distributed and connected with the silicate network in which they share corners with SiO4 tetrahedra, in agreement with a network-forming role of those species. On the contrary FeO5 tends to form clusters and to share edges with each other. 5-coordinated Fe is interpreted as network modifier and it turns out that, even if this coordination number is rare in crystals, it is more common in glasses in which they can have a key role on physical properties

Structure of a new dense amorphous ice

The detailed structure of a new dense amorphous ice, VHDA, is determined by isotope substitution neutron diffraction. Its structure is characterized by a doubled occupancy of the stabilizing interstitial location that was found in high density amorphous ice, HDA. As would be expected for a thermally activated unlocking of the stabilizing "interstitial," the transition from VHDA to LDA (low-density amorphous ice) is very sharp. Although its higher density makes VHDA a better candidate than HDA for a physical manifestation of the second putative liquid phase of water, as for the HDA case, the VHDA to LDA transition also appears to be kinetically controlled

Use of Survivorship Clauses in Wills

Today a draftsman of wills should consider the increased risks of multiple deaths resulting from the hazards of modern living in general and travel by airplane and automobile in particular. He should be aware of the possibility of the client\u27s death with his intended beneficiary within a short period, in a common disaster, or under circumstances in which there is no evidence of survivorship. The failure to provide for these possibilities may lead to the frustration of a testamentary disposition, as a beneficiary must survive the testator in order to take under the testator\u27s will.\u27 Further, the advent of the marital deduction provisions in the Internal Revenue Code makes a consideration of these possibilities a practical sine qua non to the drafting of any testamentary plan involving a husband and wife. These possibilities will herein be considered from the standpoint of the common law, applicable statutes and testamentary provisions

A Uniting Force: The One Book, One City Program in Indianapolis

One Book, One City is a nation-wide program in which everyone in a community reads the same book. Typically an annual event, the program is intended to foster a sense of community, promote reading among adults, and celebrate literature. This paper evaluates the implementation of Indianapolis’s version of this program—One Book, One City: Indy Reads. In order to do this, the paper analyzes Indianapolis’s reaction to the program through book circulation, community involvement, and patron response

The Surprise Ending: An Aspect of the Eschatology and Pneumatology of Robert Jenson

The thesis examines the remarkable claim of Robert Jenson that the end of the human story, the fulfilment of salvation history, will be a surprise not just to the human race but also to the Father and the Son because the Father trusts the Holy Spirit so much that he has mandated him to bring about the end in a manner, style and content that will not require consultation or supervision from the other Triune persons

Reduction of temazepam to diazepam and lorazepam to delorazepam during enzymatic hydrolysis

It has been previously reported that treatment of urinary oxazepam by commercial β-glucuronidase enzyme preparations, from Escherichia coli, Helix pomatia and Patella vulgata, results in production of nordiazepam (desmethyldiazepam) artefact. In this study, we report that this unusual reductive transformation also occurs in other benzodiazepines with a hydroxyl group at the C3 position such as temazepam and lorazepam. As determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, all three enzyme preparations were found capable of converting urinary temazepam into diazepam following enzymatic incubation and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction procedures. For example, when H. pomatia enzymes were used with incubation conditions of 18 h and 50 °C, the percentage conversion, although small, was significant-approximately 1% (0.59-1.54%) in both patient and spiked blank urines. Similarly, using H. pomatia enzyme under these incubation conditions, a reductive transformation of urinary lorazepam into delorazepam (chlordesmethyldiazepam) occurred. These findings have both clinical and forensic implications. Detection of diazepam or delorazepam in biological samples following enzyme treatment should be interpreted with care. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Probing crystallisation of a fluoro-apatite - mullite system using neutron diffraction

Real-time small angle neutron scattering and wide angle neutron scattering studies were undertaken concurrently on a glass ionomer of nominal composition 4.5(SiO2)-3(Al2O3)-1.5(P2O5)-3(CaO)-2(CaF2). Neutron studies were conducted as a function of temperature to investigate the crystallisation process. No amorphous phase separation was observed at room temperature and the onset of crystallisation was found to occur at 650°C, which is 90°C lower than previously reported. The first crystalline phase observed corresponded to fluorapatite; it was only upon further heating was the mullite phase became present. The crystallite size at 650°C was found to be ~115Å and the result was consistent across all measurements