Chapter New Scenarios for a Development between Infrastructures and Innovation

Both infrastructure and research, make communications and exchanges between distant places possible. As a consequence, geographic positions and administrative borders are less and less significant compared to the polarity of the individual cities. From the port and infrastructural systems’ point of view, Trieste, can closely resemble this model by strengthening the two drivers for development, quality of life and employment opportunity. The specificity that needs to be investigated is the complex system that joins port logistics with innovation promoted by AREA Science Park among others

Pour une approche discursive de la terminologie europ\ue9enne et nationale, en fran\ue7ais et en espagnol, des textes non contraignants sur les politiques s\ue9curitaires (2001-2018)

Le pr\ue9sent travail se propose d\u2019examiner, par une analyse contrastive, les positionnements qui ressortent d\u2019une terminologie relative aux politiques s\ue9curitaires. Cette recherche s\u2019appuie sur une s\ue9lection de textes juridiques non contraignants, en fran\ue7ais et en espagnol, publi\ue9s entre 2001 et 2018 par la Commission europ\ue9enne et deux \uc9tats membres : la France et l\u2019Espagne. Le choix d\u2019analyser les actes \ue9mis par les autorit\ue9s europ\ue9ennes et nationales d\ue9coule de certaines sp\ue9cificit\ue9s qui caract\ue9risent le discours institutionnel. Les \ue9tudes r\ue9centes dans ce champ de recherche ont d\ue9montr\ue9 que celles-ci tendent \ue0 favoriser une rh\ue9torique consensuelle qui soit \ue0 m\ueame de d\ue9samorcer le d\ue9bat politique. Or, ces strat\ue9gies discursives comportent en elles-m\ueames la trace de positionnements id\ue9ologiques pr\ue9cis. L\u2019observation de la circulation des termes permet alors de d\ue9tecter les discordances qui caract\ue9risent les productions discursives plurielles concernant la s\ue9curit\ue9 commune. Pour ce faire, nous avons adopt\ue9 une approche th\ue9orique qui articule l\u2019\ue9tude de la terminologie \ue0 certaines notions de l\u2019analyse du discours \uab \ue0 la fran\ue7aise \ubb (ADF). La terminologie place le terme, \ue0 savoir l\u2019unit\ue9 lexicale utilis\ue9e dans un domaine sp\ue9cialis\ue9 de la connaissance, au centre de sa r\ue9flexion. Nous focalisons donc notre \ue9tude sur la valeur que le lexique acquiert lorsqu\u2019il est prononc\ue9 par une autorit\ue9 l\ue9gitime \u2013 l\u2019institution \u2013 dans le secteur des politiques s\ue9curitaires. La recherche terminologique a progressivement montr\ue9 que les termes, comme les unit\ue9s lexicales, sont li\ue9s au contexte d\u2019utilisation et aux conditions de production du discours dans lequel ils s\u2019ins\ue8rent. Les variantes d\ue9nominatives, qui \ue9mergent du corpus, d\ue9pendent donc du contexte linguistique et extralinguistique qui entoure l\u2019utilisation du terme. \uc0 partir de cet arri\ue8re-plan, nous nous sommes demand\ue9e si les variantes pouvaient \ueatre le sympt\uf4me de positionnements discordants. En ce sens, l\u2019ADF, qui s\u2019int\ue9resse traditionnellement aux id\ue9ologies sous-jacentes au langage, nous a fourni les notions n\ue9cessaires pour comprendre les raisons pouvant expliquer la variation d\u2019un terme. L\u2019approche m\ue9thodologique nous a permis de combiner une analyse lexicom\ue9trique du corpus \ue0 une observation d\ue9taill\ue9e du terme dans son contexte. Nos r\ue9sultats sont pr\ue9sent\ue9s apr\ue8s un parcours d\u2019analyse qui commence par le choix de certains termes : \uab pr\ue9vention\ubb, \uab d\ue9tection\ubb, \uab r\ue9pression \ubb, \uab combattant terroriste \ue9tranger \ubb et \uab criminalit\ue9 transfrontali\ue8re\ubb. Ces derniers ont \ue9t\ue9 s\ue9lectionn\ue9s sur la base de recherches men\ue9es en amont dans la litt\ue9rature des relations internationales et sont repr\ue9sentatifs de certaines tensions qui alimentent le d\ue9bat acad\ue9mique, politique et juridique. Il s\u2019agit, d\u2019une part, d\u2019observer les termes concernant les actions strat\ue9giques (\uab pr\ue9vention \ubb, \uab d\ue9tection \ubb, \uab r\ue9pression \ubb) et, d\u2019autre part, de r\ue9fl\ue9chir \ue0 la conceptualisation de l\u2019ennemi (\uab combattant terroriste \ue9tranger \ubb et \uab criminalit\ue9 transfrontali\ue8re \ubb). Dans le premier cas, nous nous attardons sur les diff\ue9rentes temporalit\ue9s qui caract\ue9risent les strat\ue9gies de dissuasion et de condamnation d\u2019une infraction ; dans le second cas, nous observons deux d\ue9nominations qui pr\ue9sentent des ambigu\ueft\ue9s sur le plan terminologique et discursif et qui \ue9voquent le concept de \uab fronti\ue8re \ubb et d\u2019appartenance \ue0 un \uc9tat. En conclusion, notre travail vise \ue0 observer les d\ue9calages et les ouvertures interpr\ue9tatives qui se cr\ue9ent lorsque des termes circulent et sont utilis\ue9s pour l\ue9gitimer des pratiques discursives. La th\ue8se montre que le discours institutionnel sur la s\ue9curit\ue9 finit par occulter les d\ue9bats qui pourtant sont bien pr\ue9sents et qui devraient donc \ueatre explicitement inclus dans l\u2019espace public.Il lavoro indaga i posizionamenti che si manifestano nella terminologia relativa alle politiche pubbliche sulla sicurezza tramite un\u2019analisi contrastiva condotta su un corpus bilingue francese e spagnolo. La ricerca si basa su un confronto fra una selezione di testi giuridici non vincolanti emessi, tra il 2001 e il 2018, dalla Commissione europea e da due Stati membri, la Francia e la Spagna. La scelta di analizzare degli atti emessi dalle autorit\ue0 europee e nazionali dipende da alcune specificit\ue0 che caratterizzano la produzione del discorso istituzionale. Gli studi recenti in questo campo hanno dimostrato che il genere discorsivo istituzionale tende a privilegiare una retorica volta a smorzare il dibattito politico e a rafforzare il consenso del pubblico. Si tratta per\uf2 di strategie discorsive che denotano la presenza di scelte politiche precise. L\u2019osservazione della circolazione dei termini permette di rilevare delle discordanze sulle costruzioni terminologiche e discorsive che riguardano la sicurezza comune. A tal fine abbiamo adottato un approccio teorico che integra lo studio terminologico con alcune nozioni dell\u2019analisi del discorso di Scuola francese (ADF). La terminologia pone al centro della sua riflessione il termine, ovvero l\u2019unit\ue0 lessicale usata in un settore specifico della conoscenza. Ci interessiamo quindi al valore che acquisisce il lessico nel momento in cui s\u2019inserisce in un discorso emesso da un\u2019autorit\ue0 legittima, l\u2019istituzione, nell\u2019ambito specifico delle politiche sulla sicurezza. Le ricerche in campo terminologico hanno dimostrato progressivamente che i termini, come le unit\ue0 lessicali, sono subordinate al contesto d\u2019uso e alle condizioni di produzione del discorso in cui appaiono. Le varianti denominative che emergono dai corpora dipendono quindi dal contesto linguistico ed extralinguistico che circoscrive l\u2019uso del termine. Partendo da queste basi ci siamo chiesti se le varianti potessero essere il sintomo di posizionamenti ideologici discordanti. In tal senso l\u2019ADF, che tradizionalmente si \ue8 interessata alle ideologie soggiacenti alla lingua, ci ha fornito gli strumenti adatti per ricercare le ragioni che potessero spiegare la riformulazione di un termine. Il nostro approccio metodologico ci ha consentito di affiancare un\u2019analisi lessicometrica dei corpora all\u2019osservazione dettagliata del termine nel contesto. I risultati sono quindi presentati dopo un percorso d\u2019analisi che parte dalla scelta di alcuni termini: \u201cpr\ue9vention\u201d, \u201cd\ue9tection\u201d, \u201cr\ue9pression\u201d, \u201ccombattant \ue9tranger\u201d e \u201ccriminalit\ue9 tranfrontali\ue8re\u201d. Quest\u2019ultimi sono stati selezionati sulla base una ricerca effettuata a monte nella letteratura delle relazioni internazionali e sono rappresentativi di alcune tensioni che alimentano il dibattito accademico, politico e giuridico. Si tratta, da un lato, di osservare dei termini che riguardano le azioni strategiche (\u201cpr\ue9vention\u201d, \u201cd\ue9tection\u201d, \u201cr\ue9pression\u201d), dall\u2019altro di riflettere sulla concettualizzazione della minaccia e del nemico (\u201ccombattant terroriste \ue9tranger\u201d e \u201ccriminalit\ue9 tranfrontali\ue8re\u201d). Nel primo caso ci soffermiamo in particolare sulle diverse temporalit\ue0 che caratterizzano le strategie di dissuasione e di punizione di un\u2019infrazione; nel secondo caso osserviamo due denominazioni che presentano delle ambiguit\ue0 sul piano terminologico e discorsivo, e che evocano il concetto di \u201cconfine\u201d e di appartenenza allo Stato. In conclusione, il nostro lavoro si propone di osservare gli slittamenti e le aperture interpretative che si creano nel momento in cui i termini circolano e vengono usati per legittimare delle pratiche discorsive. La tesi dimostra che il discorso istituzionale sulla sicurezza, attraverso consce o inconsce scelte terminologiche, finisce per offuscare dei dibattiti che sono invece presenti e che dovrebbero quindi inserirsi esplicitamente nello spazio pubblico

Architecture and Intermodality. Guidelines for the architecture of the intermodal hub at the FVG Airport Ronchi dei Legionari

The research addresses the topic of intermodality in terms of technical, typological, and architectural response of infrastructure systems, considering their relationship with the territory and the landscape. The study starts from the hypothesis of the development of a comprehensive intermodal hub in the Ronchi dei Legionari Airport (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy), integrated with the network of local public transport and railway infrastructure, considered in a scenario of sustainability over the medium term and updated with respect to the current economic situation. The first phase of the research focused on the definition of the guidelines for the design of the intermodal hub. Subsequently, the study verified the hypothesis by modeling some alternative scenarios, whose results led to the identification of a highly comprehensive set of data, consistent with the financial framework. Lastly, urban verification: the identified scenarios constitute a framework of alternative options corresponding to the minimum, optimal and critical conditions of the system as a whole. The possible alternatives prove the degree of versatility of the proposed layout which provides, as a whole, the possibility of opting for one of the proposed scenarios or for a more complex combination of the proposed solutions

Multi-rendezvous Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization with Beam P-ACO

The design of spacecraft trajectories for missions visiting multiple celestial bodies is here framed as a multi-objective bilevel optimization problem. A comparative study is performed to assess the performance of different Beam Search algorithms at tackling the combinatorial problem of finding the ideal sequence of bodies. Special focus is placed on the development of a new hybridization between Beam Search and the Population-based Ant Colony Optimization algorithm. An experimental evaluation shows all algorithms achieving exceptional performance on a hard benchmark problem. It is found that a properly tuned deterministic Beam Search always outperforms the remaining variants. Beam P-ACO, however, demonstrates lower parameter sensitivity, while offering superior worst-case performance. Being an anytime algorithm, it is then found to be the preferable choice for certain practical applications.Comment: Code available at https://github.com/lfsimoes/beam_paco__gtoc

A Comparison of Two Paradigms for Distributed Shared Memory

This paper compares two paradigms for Distributed Shared Memory on loosely coupled computing systems: the shared data-object model as used in Orca, a programming language specially designed for loosely coupled computing systems and the Shared Virtual Memory model. For both paradigms two systems are described, one using only point-to-point messages, the other using broadcasting as well. The two paradigms and their implementations are described briefly. Their performances on four applications are compared: the travelling-salesman problem, alpha-beta search, matrix multiplication and the all-pairs shortest paths problem. The relevant measurements were obtained on a system consisting of 10 MC68020 processors connected by an Ethernet. For comparison purposes, the applications have also been run on a system with physical shared memory. In addition, the paper gives measurements for the first two applications above when Remote Procedure Call is used as the communication mechanism. The measurements show that both paradigms can be used efficiently for programming large-grain parallel applications, with significant speed-ups. The structured shared data-object model achieves the highest speed-ups and is easiest to program and to debug. KEYWORDS: Amoeba Distributed shared memory Distributed programming Orc

PROGETTO POLO INTERMODALE FVG. Scenario minimo reversibile: \u201csolo Polo Intermodale\u201d, sviluppato come Studio di Fattibilit\ue0 nel 2012.

ll capitolo da conto dell'attivit\ue0 di ricerca svolta per individuare temi, luoghi, strategie, funzionamento, layout e modelli generali di intermodalit\ue0 da utilizzare per l'impostazione generale del progetto del Polo Intermodale di Ronchi dei Legionari e delle diverse ipotesi e possibilit\ue0 di gestione della connessione di strada statale, ferrovia, aereoporto, mobilit\ue0 lenta local