From Policy to Practice: Exploring Principals’ Experiences in Facilitating the Implementation of Cross Curricular Literacy Standards to Early Adolescents

Research has shown that early adolescents continue to need literacy development in middle school. Furthermore, states that adopted the current comprehensive school reform policy must implement literacy instruction across content areas in grades six through twelve. This study will explore principals’ experiences as they facilitate the implementation of cross-curricular literacy standards. Qualitative case study methodology will be used to examine the perceptions of seven middle school principals as they act as change agents in the implementation process

Measuring deal premiums in takeovers

We investigate whether the merger announcement dates provided in the Securities Data Corporation (SDC) database are handled correctly by researchers performing event studies. We find that in 24.1% of deals, the popular choice of using the SDC’s “Date Announced” (DA) field as the event date leads to biased estimates of target firm abnormal returns because of earlier abnormal price movements due to merger-related events such as merger rumors or search-for-buyer types of announcements. We hand collect the merger-related events from news sources and make the complete dataset publicly available at the Financial Management website

Isotopic labelling applied to the infrared spectra of metal complexes

Includes bibliographical references.An investigation of a series of imidazole complexes of first transition metal (II) nitrates, perchlorates and halides is reported. Deuteration of the imidazole ring provides reliable assignments for the internal vibrations of imidazole. This technique also permits unambiguous assignments of the internal vibrations of nitrate or perchlorate by their lack of deutero-sensitivity. The infrared spectra of imidazole and its complexes are examined in order to determine the ratio vD/ vH for bands as signed to the C-H, N-H and ring modes of the heterocyclic ring. With very few exceptions, vD/vH falls within the ranges 0. 74 to 0. 84 and 0. 93 to 1. 00 for C-H and ring vibrations, respectively. The potential usefulness of the results is discussed. Assignments of the M-N and M-halide vibrations are based on the results of the deuteration studies, metal ion substitution and on halogen substitution. The number of M-L vibrations in the far-infrared satisfies the selection rules for the molecular point or site group symmetries and facilitates accurate structural assignments

Presidential Approaches to Fundraising at Selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

Abstract Fundraising is a critical element for the success and survival of higher education institutions. These institutions are all dependent on financial contributions from alumni as well as philanthropic organizations and private benefactors to support the institution. The presidents of these institutions are instrumental in seeking and obtaining funds in order to maintain the stability of these colleges and universities. Presidents should be knowledgeable of the nuances that make an institution successful and must aim to create those environments. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to examine college presidents’ approaches to fundraising at selected Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs) in the South Eastern region of the United States (US). This study examined the strategies employed by these institutions and particularly their presidents. It also examined the philosophies, experiences, and fundraising strategies currently being employed by the selected college and university presidents. In this study a blend of existing theories was used to construct the conceptual framework. Therefore, the conceptual framework addressed the cultural and social aspects of race and the role it plays in the participant’s environment through the use of Critical Race Theory and the relationship between presidents and benefactors through Social Exchange Theory. Stakeholder Theory defines those groups within an organization without whose support the organization would cease to exist (Freeman, Harrison, Wicks, Parmar, & DeColle, 2012). In this study, stakeholder theory was used to address and identify the parties that exist to support the organization such as the Board of Trustees, faculty, staff, students and alumni, as well as how these stakeholders’ interests are met. Lastly, Transformational Leadership Theory was used to address the leadership elements of the participants and how they communicate their vision and strategies for their fundraising campaigns. The results of the study, which intended to explore the experiences of presidents as they seek funds on behalf of their college or university, revealed that while the president of the institution is responsible for leading the fundraising efforts, additional entities also play a major role in the institution’s ability to successfully raise funds. Analysis of the data using a thematic approach produced themes regarding the president’s role in fundraising, the importance of messaging, fundraising strategies and barriers to fundraising. Implications for leaders of HBCUs include investing in and providing resources for the advancement office as that is the foundation for successful fundraising, actively and aggressively embracing fundraising as the primary duty in their role as president and selecting members with proven track records of giving for the Board of Trustees as they play a critical role in fundraising for the institution. Understanding the participants’ experiences and the challenges they face can greatly assist others currently in the field as well as incoming presidents as they assume the role as leaders of an HBCU institution

Merger negotiations with stock market feedback

Merger negotiations routinely occur amidst economically significant a target stock price runups. Since the source of the runup is unobservable (is it a target stand-alone value change and/or deal anticipation?), feeding the runup back into the offer price risks "paying twice" for the target shares. We present a novel structural empirical analysis of this runup feedback hypothesis. We show that rational deal anticipation implies a nonlinear relationship between the runup and the offer price markup (offer price minus runup). Our large-sample tests confirm the existence of this nonlinearity and reject the feedback hypothesis for the portion of the runup not driven by the market return over the runup period. Also, rational bidding implies that bidder takeover gains are increasing in target runups, which our evidence supports. Bidder toehold acquisitions in the runup period are shown to fuel target runups, but lower rather than raise offer premiums. We conclude that the parties to merger negotiations interpret market-adjusted target runups as reflecting deal anticipation.Merger negotiations; stock market feedback

Chronic Inflammation of the Uterine Appendages; Its Treatment by Mercuric Cataphoresis.

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Angers – La Gatellière

L’évaluation archéologique a été entreprise préalablement à la construction du contournement nord d’Angers par l’autoroute A11. Le site de La Gatellière est localisé au nord de la commune d’Angers en rive droite de La Maine, à 3 km du centre historique de la ville. Les résultats de l’évaluation ont permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs occupations. L’une d’elle est marquée par un enclos à trois côtés qui date de La Tène moyenne. Par ailleurs, à 80 m plus à l’ouest, la principale occupation e..

Use of pIVEX plasmids for protein overproduction in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: The pIVEX plasmids are vectors optimized for expression in the Rapid Translation System (RTS) cell-free system under control of bacteriophage T7 transcription elements. Even if these plasmids are intended for use in vitro, it is usually worthwhile to compare both cell-free and bacterial expression from the same genetic construct. However, some RTS users encountered problems when they introcuded these plasmids into Escherichia coli host strains producing the T7 RNA polymerase. RESULTS: We verified that difficulties in transforming the commonly used BL21(λDE3) strain with pIVEX arose from the presence of a strong T7 promoter combined with a high-copy number plasmid, independent of gene expression. When these vectors were introduced into this strain harboring a compatible plasmid carrying the lactose repressor (lacI), we improved the transformation efficiency by 4 orders of magnitude. Moreover, we designed a transformation protocol that allows, after induction, the overproduction of pIVEX-encoded proteins in the BL21(λDE3) strain. CONCLUSION: Using the correct plasmid/host combination and transformation-expression protocol, we could directly compare overproduction of the same pIVEX-encoded proteins from both in vivo and in vitro expression systems