Utilization Rate of Outsourcing in Selected Municipalities

Cílem bakalářské práce je míra využití outsourcingu v obcích Olomouckého kraje. Zvolený problém jsem vyřešila pomocí metodiky dotazníkového šetření a analýzy získaných dat. Podařilo se získat dostatečné množství vzorků a tím potvrdit, že obce outsourcing využívají. Hlavním přínosem této práce je zjištění, že obce outsourcing využívají ve velké míře. Většina obcí, které odpověděly na dotazník, své činnosti zajišťují externím dodavatelem. Z práce je taky zřejmé, že nejčastější outsourcované činnosti jsou informačních technologie, komunální odpad a právní služby. Obce k zavedení outsourcingu vedou různé důvody, nejčastějším důvodem je přístup k technologiím a lidským zdrojům externím dodavatele. U každého smluvního vztahu mohou vzniknout rizika. Dalším zjištěním je, že nejčastějším rizikem je kvalita poskytované služby a kvalifikace pracovníků dodavatelské firmy.The aim of this thesis is ulitization rate of outsourcing in the selected municipalities of the Olomouc region. The chosen problem I solved using the methodology of the questionnaire survey and the analysis of the obtained data. It was managed to get a sufficient number of samples and thus to confirm that the municipalities use outsourcing. The main contribution of this thesis is findig out that the level of outsourcing use in selected municipalities is very often. The major part of municipalities, which took part in questionnaire survey, make use of external suppliers for their activities. According to questionnaire survey results the most common outsourced activities are information technology, municipal waste and legal services. The municipalities use outsourcing because of a variety of reasons, the most common reason is access to the technology and human resources of external contractor. For each contractual relationship risks can arise. Another finding is that the most common risk is the quality of the provided services and the qualifications of the contractor's staff.153 - Katedra veřejné ekonomikyvýborn

Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (Leucine, Ileucine, Valine), total amino acids minus leucine (TAA-Leu), glucose, insulin, glucagon, and insulin:glucagon in response to single-dose duodenal infusions of glucose (DIG), leucine (DIL), or saline (SAL) in dairy cows.

<p>Within minute, symbols indicate the following treatment differences (<i>P</i><0.05); # = DIL vs. DIG, * = DIL vs. SAL, & = DIG vs. SAL. TRT = treatment.</p

Body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, fat corrected milk (FCM) and milk composition in dairy cows during the experimental period.

<p>Body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, fat corrected milk (FCM) and milk composition in dairy cows during the experimental period.</p

Plasma concentrations of Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tau, and Thr in response to single-dose duodenal infusions of glucose (DIG), leucine (DIL), or saline (SAL) in dairy cows.

<p>Plasma concentrations of Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tau, and Thr in response to single-dose duodenal infusions of glucose (DIG), leucine (DIL), or saline (SAL) in dairy cows.</p

Significant plasma metabolites (mean ± SE) identified by t-test at 50 and 120 min after duodenal bolus infusions of glucose (DIG) as compared to saline (SAL) in dairy cows.

<p>Significant plasma metabolites (mean ± SE) identified by t-test at 50 and 120 min after duodenal bolus infusions of glucose (DIG) as compared to saline (SAL) in dairy cows.</p

Longitudinal mRNA expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity in pluriparous cows during lactation I.

<p>Longitudinal mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in liver and s.c. tail head biopsies of dairy cows together with adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA abundance in s.c. adipose tissue and in liver of Trial 1, respectively. Cows were fed with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA, Lutrell® Pure, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany) at 100 g/day CLA or a control fat supplement (Silafat®, BASF SE) from day 1 until day 182 postpartum in Trial 1. Primiparous cow samples are not included (There are no sample in the CLA group at days 1, 70, 182, and 224) [Control: n = 10, CLA: n = 11]. Cumulative mRNA expression of both control and CLA is shown because CLA effect was insignificant. For normalisation, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10), RNA Polymerase II (POLR2A) and eukariotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3K) in liver and LRP10, glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and POLR2A in s.c. adipose tissue were used as reference genes. Different letters indicate significant differences between days relative to parturition (<i>P</i>≤0.05; mean ± SEM). Area between vertical lines corresponds to the CLA supplementation period.</p

Conjugated linoleic acids effects on systemic insulin sensitivity in primiparous vs. pluriparous cows during lactation.

<p>Glucose and insulin concentration in serum and calculated Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI) in cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids (CLA, Lutrell® Pure, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany) at 100 g/day or a control fat supplement (Silafat®, BASF SE) from day 1 until day 182 postpartum [pluriparous cows (Control, n = 10 and CLA, n = 11) and primiparous cows (Control, n = 4 and CLA, n = 5)] in Trial 1. RQUICKI  = 1/[log(glucose) + log(insulin) + log(NEFA)], <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086211#pone.0086211-Holtenius1" target="_blank">[26]</a>. Supplementation with CLA did not interfere with the parameters measured in primiparous cows. Area between vertical lines corresponds to the CLA supplementation period (means ± SEM).</p

<i>LEP</i> system, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i> mRNA expression in different tissues of primiparous cows supplemented with or without CLA in a time course of 105 DIM.

<p>CLA: Lutrell® Pure, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany.</p><p>Control: Silafat®, BASF SE.</p><p>Significant differences between different days per tissue are defined using different letters. Significant differences (P≤0.05) between CLA and control group within day and tissue are depicted by bold numbers.</p><p>Data are normalized based on the geometric mean of Eukariotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3K), Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10), RNA polymerase II (POLR2A), Emerin (EMD), Marvel domain containing 1 (MARVELD1), and Hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) for each s.c. fat and mesenteric fat depots; EIF3K, LRP10, POLR2A, EMD, and MARVELD1 for omental and retroperitoneal fat depots; HPCAL1, LRP10, POLR2A, EIF3K, Glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) for liver; LRP10, EMD, POLR2A, EIF3K for muscle, and MARVELD1, EMD, LRP10, EIF3K, POLR2A, HPCAL1 for mammary gland tissue.</p><p>¹ Leptin. ² Leptin receptor isoform b. ³ Tumor necrosis factor-α. ⁴ Interleukin-6; Means ± SE.</p

Average mRNA expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity in six different fat depots from primiparous cows.

<p>Means (± SEM) are presented across sampling times and treatments for adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), leptin (LEP), leptin receptor isoform b (LEPRB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) <i>γ</i> and <i>γ2</i>, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)<i>-α</i>, and interleukin (IL)<i>-6</i> mRNA abundance. Different letters specify the differences between individual fat depots (<i>P</i>≤0.05). Data were normalized based on the geometric mean of eukariotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3K), lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10), RNA polymerase II (POLR2A), emerin (EMD), marvel domain containing 1 (MARVELD1), and hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1).</p

Serum leptin in primiparous and pluriparous as well as leptin mRNA data (LEP) in pluriparous cows.

<p>Leptin serum concentrations (upper graph) and leptin mRNA abundance in s.c. tail head adipose tissue (lower graph) in pluriparous and primiparous cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids (CLA, Lutrell® Pure, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany) at 100 g/day (CLA) or a control fat supplement (Silafat®, BASF SE) from day 1 until day 182 postpartum in Trial 1. All animals and samples were included for serum data [Control: pluriparous cows n = 10, primiparous cows n = 5; CLA: pluriparous cows n = 11, primiparous cows n = 5]. For mRNA data only pluriparous cow samples from days −21, 1, 21, 70, 105 182 196, 224, and 252 relative to parturition for control group and days −21, 21, 105, 196, and 252 for CLA group were analysed. For normalisation, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10), RNA Polymerase II (POLR2A) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in s.c. adipose tissue were used as reference genes. ns: not significant. Different letters indicate significant differences between days relative to parturition (<i>P</i>≤0.05; mean ± SEM). Area between vertical lines corresponds to the CLA supplementation period. A.U.: arbitrary units.</p