The effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Aerobic exercise (AE) may slow age-related cognitive decline. However, such cognition-sparing effects are not uniform across cognitive domains and studies. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation and is also emerging as a potential alternative to pharmaceutical therapies. Like AE, the effectiveness of tDCS is also inconsistent for reducing cognitive impairment in ageing. The unexplored possibility exists that pairing AE and tDCS could produce synergistic effects and reciprocally augment cognition-improving effects in older individuals with and without cognitive impairments. Previous research found such synergistic effects on cognition when cognitive training is paired with tDCS in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to explore if pairing AE with tDCS could augment singular effects of AE and tDCS on global cognition (GC), working memory (WM) and executive function (EF) in older individuals with or without MCI and dementia. Methods: Using a PRISMA-based systematic review, we compiled studies that examined the effects of AE alone, tDCS alone, and AE and tDCS combined on cognitive function in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Using a PICOS approach, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science searches up to December 2021, we focused on ‘MoCA’, ‘MMSE’, ‘Mini-Cog’ (measures) and ‘cognition’, ‘cognitive function’, ‘cognitive’, ‘cognitive performance’, ‘executive function’, ‘executive process’, ‘attention’, ‘memory’, ‘memory performance’ (outcome terms). We included only randomized controlled trials (RTC) in humans if available in English full text over the past 20 years, with participants’ age over 60. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies (RTC) by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: Overall, 68 studies were included in the meta-analyses. AE (ES = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.28–0.83], p = 0.01) and tDCS (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.12–1.26], p = 0.02) improved GC in all three groups of older adults combined (healthy, MCI, demented). In healthy population, AE improved GC (ES = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.22–0.69], p = 0.01) and EF (ES = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.05–0.49], p = 0.02). AE improved GC in older adults with MCI (ES = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.21–1.32], p = 0.01). tDCS improved GC (ES = 0.69 [90% CI: 0.12–1.26], p = 0.02), all three cognitive function (GC, WM and EF) combined in older adults with dementia (ES = 1.12 [95% CI: 0.04–2.19], p = 0.04) and improved cognitive function in older adults overall (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.20–1,18], p = 0.01). Conclusion: Our systematic review with meta-analysis provided evidence that beyond the cardiovascular and fitness benefits of AE, pairing AE with tDCS may have the potential to slow symptom progression of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia. Future studies will examine the hypothesis of this present review that a potentiating effect would incrementally improve cognition with increasing severity of cognitive impairment.Charles University Q4

Hipermetropía

A medida que la información sobre sequías incide en las expectativas de disponibilidad, afectan la disposición de optimizar agua. El resultado sería un ahorro intermitente de agua ya que la información sobre sequías puede ser contrarrestada con información relativa a la desalinización del agua en los océanos o su extracción intensiva en acuíferos fósiles.La escasez y el desabasto de agua son problemáticas globales y locales cuyos efectos en la cognición; creencias, percepciones, conocimientos, actitudes, motivaciones e intensión han sido objeto de estudio de la psicología.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México - Unidad Académica Profesional Chimalhuacá

Preocupación

En torno al desarrollo sostenible tanto mundial como local, el modelo económico globalizado, político neoliberal y social antropocéntrico ha sido el obstáculo que impide a la humanidad desarrollarse sostenidamente. Se trata de una visión insostenible del mundo que justifica la competencia, el monopolio, la explotación y el agotamiento de recursos, principalmente los energéticos e hidrológicos, sin considerar las necesidades de la s generaciones futuras limitando sus expectativas y capacidades (Guillén, 2007).En torno al desarrollo sostenible tanto mundial como local, el modelo económico globalizado, político neoliberal y social antropocéntrico ha sido el obstáculo que impide a la humanidad desarrollarse sostenidamente. Se trata de una visión insostenible del mundo que justifica la competencia, el monopolio, la explotación y el agotamiento de recursos, principalmente los energéticos e hidrológicos, sin considerar las necesidades de la s generaciones futuras limitando sus expectativas y capacidades (Guillén, 2007).Unidad Académica Profesional Chimalhuacá

On weighted compositions preserving the Carathéodory class

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Monatshefte für Mathematik. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00605-017-1093-3We characterize in various ways the weighted composition transformations which preserve the class P of normalized analytic functions in the disk with positive real part. We analyze the meaning of the criteria obtained for various special cases of symbols and identify the fixed points of such transformationsArévalo, Martín, and Vukotić are supported by MTM2015-65792-P from MINECO and FEDER/EU and partially by the Thematic Research Network MTM2015-69323-REDT, MINECO, Spain. Hernández and Martín are supported by FONDECYT 1150284, Chile. Martín is also supported by Academy of Finland Grant 26800

Fuel: A Fast General Purpose Object Graph Serializer

International audienceSince objects need to be stored and reloaded on different environments, serializing object graphs is a very important activity. There is a plethora of serialization frameworks with different requirements and design trade-offs. Most of them are based on recursive parsing of the object graphs, an approach which often is too slow. In addition, most of them prioritize a language-agnostic format instead of speed and language-specific object serialization. For the same reason, such serializers usually do not support features like class-shape changes, global references or executing pre and post load actions. Looking for speed, some frameworks are partially implemented at Virtual Machine (VM) level, hampering code portability and making them difficult to understand, maintain and extend. In this paper we present Fuel, a general-purpose object serializer based on these principles: (1) speed, through a compact binary format and a pickling algorithm which invests time in serialization for obtaining the best performance on materialization; (2) good object-oriented design, without special help at VM; (3) serialize any object, thus have a full-featured language-specific format. We implement and validate this approach in Pharo, where we demonstrate that Fuel is faster than other serializers, even those with special VM support. The extensibility of Fuel made possible to successfully serialize various objects: classes in Newspeak, debugger stacks, and full CMS object graphs

Clustered Serialization with Fuel

International audienceSerializing object graphs is an important activity since objects should be stored and reloaded on different environments. There is a plethora of frameworks to serialize objects based on recursive parsing of the object graphs. However such approaches are often too slow. Most approaches are limited in their provided features. For example, several serializers do not support class shape changes, global references, transient references or hooks to execute something before or after being stored or loaded. Moreover, to be faster, some serializers are not written taking into account the object-oriented paradigm and they are sometimes even implemented in the Virtual Machine hampering code portability. VM-based serializers such as ImageSegment are difficult to understand, maintain, and fix. For the final user, it means a serializer which is difficult to customize, adapt or extend to his own needs. In this paper we present a general purpose object graph serializer based on a pickling format and algorithm. We implement and validate this approach in the Pharo Smalltalk environment. We demonstrate that we can build a really fast serializer without specific VM support, with a clean object-oriented design, and providing most possible required features for a serializer. We show that our approach is faster that traditional serializers and compare favorably with ImageSegment as soon as serialized objects are not in isolation

Clustered Serialization with Fuel

International audienceSerializing object graphs is an important activity since objects should be stored and reloaded on different environments. There is a plethora of frameworks to serialize objects based on recursive parsing of the object graphs. However such approaches are often too slow. Most approaches are limited in their provided features. For example, several serializers do not support class shape changes, global references, transient references or hooks to execute something before or after being stored or loaded. Moreover, to be faster, some serializers are not written taking into account the object-oriented paradigm and they are sometimes even implemented in the Virtual Machine hampering code portability. VM-based serializers such as ImageSegment are difficult to understand, maintain, and fix. For the final user, it means a serializer which is difficult to customize, adapt or extend to his own needs. In this paper we present a general purpose object graph serializer based on a pickling format and algorithm. We implement and validate this approach in the Pharo Smalltalk environment. We demonstrate that we can build a really fast serializer without specific VM support, with a clean object-oriented design, and providing most possible required features for a serializer. We show that our approach is faster that traditional serializers and compare favorably with ImageSegment as soon as serialized objects are not in isolation

Event-related potentials associated with attentional networks evidence changes in executive and arousal vigilance

Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Grant/Award Number: #2018- 3614 and Cat1#83; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Grant/Award Number: PID2020- 114790GB- I00; Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnologia; ANID/FONDECYT Regular, Grant/Award Number: 1210195, 1210176 and 1220995; ANID/FONDAP, Grant/Award Number: 15150012; ANID/PIA/ANILLOS, Grant/Award Number: ACT210096; ANID/FONDEF, Grant/Award Number: ID20I10152 and ID22I10029; Takeda, Grant/Award Number: CW2680521; National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Aging, Grant/Award Number: R01 AG057234; Alzheimer's Association, Grant/Award Number: SG-20-725707; Rainwater Charitable foundation - Tau Consortium, and Global Brain Health Institute, Grant/Award Number: R01 AG057234Attention is regulated by three independent but interacting networks, that is, alerting, comprising phasic alertness and vigilance, orienting, and executive control. Previous studies analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with attentional networks have focused on phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control, without an independent measure of vigilance. ERPs associated with vigilance have been instead measured in separate studies and via different tasks. The present study aimed to differentiate ERPs associated with attentional networks by simultaneously measuring vigilance along with phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. Forty participants (34 women, age: M = 25.96; SD = 4.96) completed two sessions wherein the electroencephalogram was recorded while they completed the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance-executive and arousal components, a task that measures phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control along with executive (i.e., detection of infrequent critical signals) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction to environmental stimuli) vigilance. ERPs previously associated with attentional networks were replicated here: (a) N1, P2, and contingent negative variation for phasic alertness; (b) P1, N1, and P3 for orienting; and (c) N2 and slow positivity for executive control. Importantly, different ERPs were associated with vigilance: while the executive vigilance decrement was associated with an increase in P3 and slow positivity across time-on-task, arousal vigilance loss was associated with reduced N1 and P2 amplitude. The present study shows that attentional networks can be described by different ERPs simultaneously observed in a single session, including independent measures of executive and arousal vigilance on its assessment.ANPCyT Spanish Government 2018- 3614, 83Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government PID2020- 114790GB- I00Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Secretaría de Ciencia y TecnologíaANID/FONDECYT Regular 1210195, 1210176, 1220995ANID/FONDAP 15150012ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096ANID/FONDEF ID20I10152, ID22I10029Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd CW2680521United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USAUnited States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01 AG057234Alzheimer's Association SG-20-725707Rainwater Charitable foundation - Tau ConsortiumGlobal Brain Health Institute R01 AG05723

Los libros electrónicos: la tercera ola de la revolución digital

After reference books and scientific journals, electronic books represent the next level of evolution in the digital revolution. Its presence in libraries and their level of knowledge on the part of users is still low. But the development of specific collections by the editors, the development of online distribution systems increasingly refining and improvements in portable reading devices (e-book readers) are causing a change in this situation, so being checked with a turnaround on the production and consumption of such documents