90 research outputs found
Estimation of polarization aberrations and its effect on the point spread function of the Thirty Meter Telescope
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a future generation telescope proposed to be located in Mauna Kea, Hawaii or in La Palma in the Canary Islands. The telescope will have a segmented primary and an inclined tertiary mirror. The segmentation of the primary mirror and the inclination in the tertiary mirror can introduce significant polarization aberrations. Typically, the polarization aberrations, introduced due to the mirror coating and the high incident angles cause small modifications to the Point Spread Function (PSF). Here, we perform the polarization ray tracing for TMT using the optical design software Zemax for different input polarizations for a point source (on-axis). We calculate the diattenuation and retardance aberration maps for all the three mirrors of TMT. The coating induced astigmatism obtained from the retardance of the primary and secondary mirror is found to be of the order of 0.048 radians, whereas, the polarization induced tilt by the retardance of the tertiary mirror is in the order of 0.29 radians. The Jones pupil maps are estimated at two of the instrument ports, Wide Field Optical Spectrograph (WFOS) and Narrow Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS).The Amplitude Response Matrix (ARM) estimated at the WFOS port show the presence of ghost PSF's. The magnitude of the ghost PSF components is of the order of 2.5 x 10^(-5) at 1μm at WFOS port. The ARM and the Point Spread Matrix (PSM) are estimated at the focus of the NFIRAOS instrument. The Stokes PSF is shown for horizontal and vertical polarization as inputs. The Huygen's point spread function obtained from Zemax shows the variations in FWHM for unpolarized and polarized inputs. These estimations would help in the design aspects of a high contrast imaging instrument for the TMT in the future
Impact of predation losses on wildlife ranches in Limpopo Province, South Africa, The
Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia.Predation losses on sheep and goats in five South African provinces were estimated at more than ZAR 1.39 thousand million annually and for beef cattle in seven provinces it was more than ZAR 383million per year. Predation losses have been ascribed to black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas, caracal Caracal caracal, leopard Panthera pardus, brown hyaena Parahyaena brunnea, cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and vagrant dogs Canis familiaris. This study quantified predation losses on wildlife ranches, specifically the Limpopo Province. Management on wildlife ranches requires specific methods to assess changes in wildlife numbers, namely: physically counting of animals by means of aerial counting, drive census and known groups, Rand value (ZAR) based on live animal sales, trophy hunting, biltong hunting, comparing animal numbers with the previous year and the number of wildlife available to hunt. Baseline information was calculated for three different categories of wild antelope species. Wildlife ranchers can use the baseline information and calculate their own financial losses; for example: if nyalas Tragelaphus angasii are kept on 5 000 ha, the estimated total cost of predation losses is ZAR 593 765/year. Similarly, a wildlife rancher who keeps blesbok Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi on 12 000 ha can expect to incur a total cost of ZAR 668 103/year and for a wildlife rancher who keeps black impala Aepyceros melampus and Livingston eland Tragelaphus oryx on 6 000 ha, the total cost is ZAR 11 957 637/year. The information from these studies are now used to inform the development of meaningful coordinated predation management strategies
Optical spectroscopic and polarization properties of 2011 outburst of the recurrent nova T Pyxidis
We study the spectroscopic and ionized structural evolution of T Pyx during
its 2011 outburst, and also study the variation in degree of polarization
during its early phase. Optical spectroscopic data of this system obtained from
day 1.28--2415.62 since discovery, and optical, broadband imaging polarimetric
observations obtained from day 1.36--29.33 during the early phases of the
outburst are used in the study. The physical conditions and the geometry of the
ionized structure of the nova ejecta has been modelled for a few epochs using
the photo-ionization code, CLOUDY in 1D and pyCloudy in 3D. The spectral
evolution of the nova ejecta during its 2011 outburst is similar to that of the
previous outbursts. The variation in the line profiles is seen very clearly in
the early stages due to good coverage during this period. The line profiles
vary from P-Cygni (narrower, deeper and sharper) to emission profiles which are
broader and structured, which later become narrower and sharper in the late
post-outburst phase. The average ejected mass is estimated to be . The ionized structure of the ejecta is found to
be a bipolar conical structure with equatorial rings, with a low inclination
angle of .Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted in A&
Analysis of polarization introduced due to the telescope optics of the Thirty Meter Telescope
An analytical model has been developed to estimate the polarization effects, such as instrumental polarization (IP), crosstalk (CT), and depolarization, due to the optics of the Thirty Meter Telescope. These are estimated for the unvignetted field-of-view and the wavelengths of interest. The model estimates an IP of 1.26% and a CT of 44% at the Nasmyth focus of the telescope at the wavelength of 0.6 μm at field angle zero with the telescope pointing to zenith. Mueller matrices have been estimated for the primary, secondary, and Nasmyth mirrors. It is found that some of the Mueller matrix elements of the primary and secondary mirrors show a fourfold azimuthal antisymmetry, which indicates that the polarization at the Cassegrain focus is negligible. At the inclined Nasmyth mirror, there is no azimuthal antisymmetry in the matrix elements, and this results in nonzero values for IP and CT, which would negatively impact the polarization measurements at the telescope focus. The averaged Mueller matrix is estimated at the Nasmyth focus at different instrument ports and various zenith angles of the telescope. The variation in the Mueller matrix elements for different coatings is also estimated. The impact of this polarization effect on the science case requirements has been discussed. This analysis will help in achieving precise requirements for future instruments with polarimetric capability
GR-397 Conceptualizing a TOC-Enhanced Chatbot: Pattern Recognition and Interaction
A chatbot is a software which is capable of communicating with human by using natural language processing. In our project, we plan to develop a Python-based chatbot that integrates theory of computation (TOC) concepts, including finite automata and regular expressions. The chatbot will interact with users, recognizing patterns and keywords in their inputs. We’ll begin by defining initial regular expressions for basic user interactions including greetings and inquiries.Future developments may enhance regular expressions and broaden the chatbot’s TOC-related capabilities, creating a versatile educational tool with practical TOC applications
Robust Pitching Disturbance Force Attenuation for Tractor Considering Functional Constraints
This is the final version. Available on open access from IEEE via the DOI in this recordelectro-hydraulic hitch system, to carry out various farm operations. Forces arising during travel with the lifted implement on uneven terrain, generate disturbance forces on the hitch system. In this study, the electro-hydraulic system was controlled such that the disturbance forces are attenuated. A second order transfer function model of the hitch system was obtained using experimental data. In order to account for the nonlinearities in the system, an advanced Sliding Mode Controller with Power Rate Exponential Reaching Law was developed to control the hitch system to attenuate the disturbance forces. Variation in system parameters due to change of implements was taken into account by making the system adaptive using a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) parameter estimator, which was used to estimate and update the system parameters in the controller. Position regulation was incorporated to prevent the implement from reaching its mechanical limits. Valve deadzone and operating input limits were incorporated into this design. Also, considering the presence of two valves to supply fluid to the same cylinder, a trigger logic was developed to suitably choose the valve to be operated. The controller was found to provide an average disturbance force attenuation of 82.9% while being robust to a random variation in each parameter up to ±80%
Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Oxisol dengan Pemberian Bahan Humat dan Pupuk P untuk Meningkatkan Serapan Hara dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays, L.)
A research was carried out at glass house and at Soil Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University Padang. The experiment was aimed to determine the interaction between humic material from compost and P fertilizer on some chemical properties of Oxisol, nutrient uptake and corn production. This experiment consisted of 2 factors (4 x 4) with three replications which were allocated in completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was humic material having 4 doses (0, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm) and the 2nd factor was P fertilizer having 4 doses (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of recomendation (R)). The result showed that there was : 1) Interaction between humic materials and P fertilizer for the quality the corn seeds. Application of 800 ppm humic material improved the quality of the seeds even though at low level of P fertilizer. 2) Then, it also increased availability of P by 23.03 ppm, N total by 0.09 %, and decreased Al-exch by 0.53 me (100 g)-1 and Fe-exch by 25.62 ppm compared to threatment without application of humic material. Likewise, nutrients (N and P) uptake by plant also increased by 0.28 and 0.03 %, respectively. 3) Application of P fertilizer at 75 % R increased soil P availability by 3.77 ppm, N and P content of plant by 0.43 % and 0.06 %, and seed weight by 13.20 g and decreased Fe-exch by 21.16 ppm, compared to 25 % R of P fertilizer.Keywords : humic material, P- fertilizer, nutrient uptak
NMF-based GPU accelerated coronagraphy pipeline
We present a generalized Non-negative factorization (NMF)-based data
reduction pipeline for circumstellar disk and exoplanet detection. By using an
adaptable pre-processing routine that applies algorithmic masks and corrections
to improper data, we are able to easily offload the computationally-intensive
NMF algorithm to a graphics processing unit (GPU), significantly increasing
computational efficiency. NMF has been shown to better preserve disk structural
features compared to other post-processing approaches and has demonstrated
improvements in the analysis of archival data. The adaptive pre-processing
routine of this pipeline, which automatically aligns and applies image
corrections to the raw data, is shown to significantly improve chromatic halo
suppression. Utilizing HST-STIS and JWST-MIRI coronagraphic datasets, we
demonstrate a factor of five increase in real-time computational efficiency by
using GPUs to perform NMF compared to using CPUs. Additionally, we demonstrate
the usefulness of higher numbers of NMF components with SNR and contrast
improvements, which necessitates the use of a more computationally efficient
approach for data reduction
Polarimetric modeling and assessment of science cases for Giant Magellan Telescope-Polarimeter (GMT-Pol)
Polarization observations through the next-generation large telescopes will
be invaluable for exploring the magnetic fields and composition of jets in AGN,
multi-messenger transients follow-up, and understanding interstellar dust and
magnetic fields. The 25m Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is one of the
next-generation large telescopes and is expected to have its first light in
2029. The telescope consists of a primary mirror and an adaptive secondary
mirror comprising seven circular segments. The telescope supports instruments
at both Nasmyth as well as Gregorian focus. However, none of the first or
second-generation instruments on GMT has the polarimetric capability. This
paper presents a detailed polarimetric modeling of the GMT for both Gregorian
and folded ports for astronomical B-K filter bands and a field of view of 5 arc
minutes. At 500nm, The instrumental polarization is 0.1% and 3% for the
Gregorian and folded port, respectively. The linear to circular crosstalk is
0.1% and 30% for the Gregorian and folded ports, respectively. The Gregorian
focus gives the GMT a significant competitive advantage over TMT and ELT for
sensitive polarimetry, as these telescopes support instruments only on the
Nasmyth platform. We also discuss a list of polarimetric science cases and
assess science case requirements vs. the modeling results. Finally, we discuss
the possible routes for polarimetry with GMT and show the preliminary optical
design of the GMT polarimeter.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures,SPIE Optics + Photonics 2023 conference
proceeding, Paper no 12690-2
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