High-Speed, Low-Power and Mid-IR Silicon Photonics Applications

In this book, the first high-speed silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulator is demonstrated by exploiting a highly-nonlinear polymer cladding and a silicon waveguide. By using a liquid crystal cladding instead, an ultra-low power phase shifter is obtained. A third type of device is proposed for achieving three-wave mixing on the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform. Finally, new physical constants which describe the optical absorption in charge accumulation/inversion layers in silicon are determined

Photonics design tool for advanced CMOS nodes

Recently, the authors have demonstrated large-scale integrated systems with several million transistors and hundreds of photonic elements. Yielding such large-scale integrated systems requires a design-for-manufacture rigour that is embodied in the 10 000 to 50 000 design rules that these designs must comply within advanced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor manufacturing. Here, the authors present a photonic design automation tool which allows automatic generation of layouts without design-rule violations. This tool is written in SKILL, the native language of the mainstream electric design automation software, Cadence. This allows seamless integration of photonic and electronic design in a single environment. The tool leverages intuitive photonic layer definitions, allowing the designer to focus on the physical properties rather than on technology-dependent details. For the first time the authors present an algorithm for removal of design-rule violations from photonic layouts based on Manhattan discretisation, Boolean and sizing operations. This algorithm is not limited to the implementation in SKILL, and can in principle be implemented in any scripting language. Connectivity is achieved with software-defined waveguide ports and low-level procedures that enable auto-routing of waveguide connections.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figure

A multidimensionalidade da imigração boliviana em São Paulo: perspectivas das cadeias globais como estratégia de análise

O presente artigo pretende analisar diversas dimensões da imigração boliviana e sua inserção nas oficinas clandestinas de costura em São Paulo, a partir da perspectiva das cadeias globais de mercadorias. Utilizando esta estratégia de análise, será possível destacar os diversos níveis e atores econômicos que intervêm nas articulações que fazem parte da cadeia de produção da indústria da confecção e do vestuário. Transita-se por níveis globais, nacionais e locais no intuito de compreender a configuração de nichos econômicos e mecanismos específicos de inserção ocupacional destes imigrantes. Ao mesmo tempo, procura-se reconhecer as complexas relações sociais que contribuem para a reprodução de relações de subordinação e exploração nos espaços das oficinas. Como atributo específico da perspectiva das cadeias globais, tentar-se-á reconhecer a participação de atores institucionais por meio de expressões de governança em diversos níveis desta cadeia. Palavras-chave: Cadeias globais de mercadorias; imigrantes bolivianos; indústria de confecções e vestuário

Cuentos y lecciones: textos para los niños decimonónicos en Argentina

In the middle of the nineteenth century the first schoolbooks began to be published in Argentine, and later, the first book of Children’s Literature appeared. However, although these two cultural objects were contemporaries they reached diferent development in the first fifty years of their publication. The aim of this article is to revise the postulates about the modern quality of these types of texts which emerged simultaneously with Argentina’s modernization process, in the period when the country became a national state, founded indeed on the transformation of the political and social institutions. The article also explores the factors that have influenced the continuous growth that edition’s schoolbooks have maintained, based in their condition to alphabetize, and the minor importance granted to short infantile stories because of their amusement related style. Consequently, this study of the concepts about childhood in nineteenth Argentina’s society is meant to explain the differences in the promotion, edition and reception of each type of text. Finally, an approach to the analysis of the drawbacks of feminine printings is proposed, and it considers the conjecture that the negligence of infantile Literature could had been to this factor, and in fact, as a proof of manifested apathy towards the women’s Literature.A mediados del siglo XIX empiezan a publicarse en Argentina los primeros textos de lectura y un poco más tarde, aparece el primer libro de literatura infantil, ambos destinados a un público común. Pero estos dos objetos culturales que comienzan a gestarse simultáneamente alcanzan en los primeros cincuenta años de su publicación un desarrollo disímil. El punto de partida es una revisión de postulados acerca del carácter moderno de este tipo de textos destinados al público infantil. Dicha modernidad coincide en Argentina con el nacimiento del estado nacional, fundado precisamente en la modernización de las instituciones políticas y sociales. Este artículo explora también los factores que intervinieron para determinar el crecimiento continuo de la edición de libros de lectura, alentada por su condición para alfabetizar y la escasa importancia otorgada a la incipiente literatura infantil, por su estilo asociado al entretenimiento. En consecuencia, se realiza un estudio de los conceptos que se han establecido sobre la niñez decimonónica, para encontrar parte de la explicación de las diferencias en la promoción, edición y recepción de cada tipo de texto. Finalmente, se plantea una aproximación al análisis de los contratiempos que pueden observarse en la publicación de textos con autoría femenina. Aunque el análisis no es exhaustivo en este punto, incumbe conjeturar que el descuido de la literatura infantil puede haberse debido a una situación de manifiesta apatía por la literatura escrita por mujeres

High-speed modulator with interleaved junctions in zero-change CMOS photonics

A microring depletion modulator is demonstrated with T-shaped lateral p-n junctions used to realize efficient modulation while maximizing the RC limited bandwidth. The device having a 3 dB bandwidth of 13 GHz has been fabricated in a standard 45 nm microelectronics CMOS process. The cavity has a linewidth of 17 GHz and an average wavelength-shift of 9 pm/V in reverse-bias conditions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure