Lightweight Architectures for Reliable and Fault Detection Simon and Speck Cryptographic Algorithms on FPGA

The widespread use of sensitive and constrained applications necessitates lightweight (lowpower and low-area) algorithms developed for constrained nano-devices. However, nearly all of such algorithms are optimized for platform-based performance and may not be useful for diverse and flexible applications. The National Security Agency (NSA) has proposed two relatively-recent families of lightweight ciphers, i.e., Simon and Speck, designed as efficient ciphers on both hardware and software platforms. This paper proposes concurrent error detection schemes to provide reliable architectures for these two families of lightweight block ciphers. The research work on analyzing the reliability of these algorithms and providing fault diagnosis approaches has not been undertaken to date to the best of our knowledge. The main aim of the proposed reliable architectures is to provide high error coverage while maintaining acceptable area and power consumption overheads. To achieve this, we propose a variant of recomputing with encoded operands. These low-complexity schemes are suited for lowresource applications such as sensitive, constrained implantable and wearable medical devices. We perform fault simulations for the proposed architectures by developing a fault model framework. The architectures are simulated and analyzed on recent field-programmable grate array (FPGA) platforms, and it is shown that the proposed schemes provide high error coverage. The proposed low-complexity concurrent error detection schemes are a step forward towards more reliable architectures for Simon and Speck algorithms in lightweight, secure applications

The world uncertainty index

We construct the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) for an unbalanced panel of 143 individual countries on a quarterly basis from 1952. This is the frequency of the word "uncertainty" in the quarterly Economist Intelligence Unit country reports. Globally, the Index spikes around major events like the Gulf War, the Euro debt crisis, the Brexit vote and the COVID pandemic. The level of uncertainty is higher in developing countries but is more synchronized across advanced economies with their tighter trade and financial linkages. In a panel vector autoregressive setting we find that innovations in the WUI foreshadow significant declines in output. This effect is larger and more persistent in countries with lower institutional quality, and in sectors with greater financial constraints

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF DURVADYA TAILA ON PAMA W.S.R. TO SCABIES IN CHILDREN

Pama Vyadhi is one of the commonest diseases found in the low socio economic class. Scabies is a contagious skin infection that spreads rapidly in crowded conditions and is found worldwide. Personal hygiene is an important preventive measure and access to adequate water supply is important (W.H.O.). Minimum 60 diagnosed children with Pama (Scabies) were randomly selected for the clinical study and divided into two groups. The sensitivity test of Durvadya Taila and Gama Benzene Hexachloride 1% Lotion with 0.5ml test dose were applied for one hour and effects are observed for next 3hr. Patients were registered for the clinical study after written consent of their parents. In group A out of 30 children, 50% children were completely cured while markedly improvement occurred in 13% children, moderately improvement occurred in 37% children and none of the children were found in mild improvement as well as in unchanged at all group where as in group B out of 30 children 70% children were completely cured while markedly improvement occurred in 17% children, moderate improvement occurred in 13% children and none of the children were found in mild improvement as well as unchanged at all group. Overall effect of therapy was more significant in Group B

Rebooting UK financial regulation for the post-Brexit world

Recognising the critical role that financial markets will play in the success of the UK’s post-Brexit economy, the Treasury is now engaged in a review of the current financial regulatory framework. Anamika Ahir and Kevin R. James propose that the Treasury pursue three key reforms to the current system: i) set regulators a new objective to “make markets effective”; ii) require regulators to collect and analyse the information the regime they implement demands; and iii) devise new accountability arrangements and international engagement practices to ensure that these changes happen

Contemporary Affirmation of SPIHT Improvements in Image Coding

Set partitioning in hierarchal trees (SPIHT) is actually a widely-used compression algorithm for wavelet altered images. On most algorithms developed, SPIHT algorithm from the time its introduction in 1996 for image compression has got lots of interest. Though SPIHT is considerably simpler and efficient than several present compression methods since it's a completely inserted codec, provides good image quality, large PSNR, optimized for modern image transmission, efficient conjunction with error defense, form information on demand and hence element powerful error correction decreases from starting to finish but still it has some downsides that need to be taken away for its better use therefore since its development it has experienced many adjustments in its original model. This document presents a survey on several different improvements in SPIHT in certain fields as velocity, redundancy, quality, error resilience, sophistication, and compression ratio and memory requirement

Split and Merge Functions for Supporting Multiple Processing Pipelines in Mercury BLASTN

Biosequence similarity search is an important application in computational biology. Mercury BLASTN, an FPGA-based implementation of BLAST for DNA, is one of the alternatives for fast DNA sequence comparison. The re-design of BLAST into a streaming application combined with a high-throughput hardware pipeline have enabled Mercury BLAST to emerge as one of the fastest implementations of bio-sequence similarity search. This performance can be further enhanced by exploiting the data-level parallelism present within the application. Here we present a multiple FPGA-based Mercury BLASTN design in order to double the speed and throughput of DNA sequence computation. This paper describes a dual Mercury BLASTN design, the detailed design of the split and merge functions, and simulation results

PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF RESIDENT DOCTORS ABOUT MALARIA TREATMENT AS PER NATIONAL DRUG POLICY ON MALARIA

ABSTRACT Background: The involvement of public and private health care providers in malaria treatment, particularly understanding their knowledge and practices will aid in devising strategies to increase the rational use of antimalarial drugs. They should be aware about rationale and implement national drug policy on malaria to prevent morbidity and mortality of malaria as well as development of antimalarial drug resistance. Therefore, a study was planned on the same issue among resident doctors of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Objective: To study the perceptions and attitudes of resident doctors regarding use of anti malarial drugs for treatment of all types of malaria cases in accordance with national drug policy on malaria-2010. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital with sixty four (64) resident doctors of medicine (24), pediatrics (24) and obstetrics (16) departments with the help of pre tested; semi-structured questionnaire based on national drug policy on malaria-2010 from 15 th July to 30 th August 2010. Results: Only 12 (18.8%) residents were aware about drug policy. Dose and duration and indication of primaquine was known to 21 (32.8%) of resident doctors. Artesunate (49.2%) and Arteether (16.9%) were commonly prescribed in case of uncomplicated P.falciparum and P.vivax malaria. Conclusion: It was noticeable that knowledge and awareness regarding drug policy among resident doctors was unsatisfactory. Regular sensitization programme on malaria drug policy should be conducted

Data Partitioning for Semantic Web

Semantic web database is an RDF database. Tremendous increase can be seen in semantic web data, as real life applications of semantic web are using this data. Efficient management of this data at a larger scale, and efficient query performance are the two major concerns. This work aims at analyzing query performance issues in terms of execution time and scalability using data partitioning techniques. An experiment is devised to show effect of data partitioning technique on query performance. It demonstrates the query performance analysis for partitioning techniques applied. Vertical partitioning, hybrid partitioning and property table was used to store the RDF data and query execution time is analyzed. The experiment was carried out on a very small dummy data and now it will be scaled up using Barton library catalogue