FINANCIAL REPORTING TIMELINESS IN EGYPT: A STUDY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The objective of the study is to present an analysis of the legal framework surrounding the Financial Reporting Timeliness in Egypt,and the problems faced by the Financial Reporting Timeliness. The basic Company Law of 1981 and the Capital Market Law of 1992 mainly govern the legal framework of Financial Reporting Timeliness practice in Egypt. Furthermore, the Public Authority of capital market board decision of 2002 and the investment ministerial decision of 2006 have had considerable impact and influence on the practice of Financial Reporting Timeliness in Egypt. The combined set of legislative represents the legal framework for Financial Reporting Timeliness in Egypt Based upon the results of study, the researcher recommends with the modification of the Egyptian company law, to use in the companies listed on Egyptian stock exchange by disclosure about their financial reporting during 3 months from the end of financial year instead of 6 months in order to provide the suitable timeliness.Financial reporting, Egyptian Accounting standards, legal framework.

Sharp entanglement thresholds in the logarithmic negativity of disjoint blocks in the transverse-field Ising chain

Entanglement has developed into an essential concept for the characterization of phases and phase transitions in ground states of quantum many-body systems. In this work, we use the logarithmic negativity to study the spatial entanglement structure in the transverse-field Ising chain both in the ground state and at nonzero temperatures. Specifically, we investigate the entanglement between two disjoint blocks as a function of their separation, which can be viewed as the entanglement analog of a spatial correlation function. We find sharp entanglement thresholds at a critical distance beyond which the logarithmic negativity vanishes exactly and thus the two blocks become unentangled, which holds even in the presence of long-ranged quantum correlations, i.e., at the system's quantum critical point. Using Time-Evolving Block Decimation (TEBD), we explore this feature as a function of temperature and size of the two blocks and present a simple model to describe our numerical observations.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Orthogonal Polynomial Approximation in Higher Dimensions: Applications in Astrodynamics

We propose novel methods to utilize orthogonal polynomial approximation in higher dimension spaces, which enable us to modify classical differential equation solvers to perform high precision, long-term orbit propagation. These methods have immediate application to efficient propagation of catalogs of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) and improved accounting for the uncertainty in the ephemeris of these objects. More fundamentally, the methodology promises to be of broad utility in solving initial and two point boundary value problems from a wide class of mathematical representations of problems arising in engineering, optimal control, physical sciences and applied mathematics. We unify and extend classical results from function approximation theory and consider their utility in astrodynamics. Least square approximation, using the classical Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions, is reviewed for discrete samples of the to-be-approximated function. We extend the orthogonal approximation ideas to n-dimensions in a novel way, through the use of array algebra and Kronecker operations. Approximation of test functions illustrates the resulting algorithms and provides insight into the errors of approximation, as well as the associated errors arising when the approximations are differentiated or integrated. Two sets of applications are considered that are challenges in astrodynamics. The first application addresses local approximation of high degree and order geopotential models, replacing the global spherical harmonic series by a family of locally precise orthogonal polynomial approximations for efficient computation. A method is introduced which adapts the approximation degree radially, compatible with the truth that the highest degree approximations (to ensure maximum acceleration error < 10^−9ms^−2, globally) are required near the Earths surface, whereas lower degree approximations are required as radius increases. We show that a four order of magnitude speedup is feasible, with both speed and storage efficiency op- timized using radial adaptation. The second class of problems addressed includes orbit propagation and solution of associated boundary value problems. The successive Chebyshev-Picard path approximation method is shown well-suited to solving these problems with over an order of magnitude speedup relative to known methods. Furthermore, the approach is parallel-structured so that it is suited for parallel implementation and further speedups. Used in conjunction with orthogonal Finite Element Model (FEM) gravity approximations, the Chebyshev-Picard path approximation enables truly revolutionary speedups in orbit propagation without accuracy loss

The Cricothyroid Space: a Guide for Successful Thyroidectomy

ObjectiveThe frequent complications of thyroid surgery are mostly related to the anatomy of the region. This stimulated us to look for a starting point that makes exploration of the region easier and consequently reduces complications. We aimed to explore and define the anatomy of the cricothyroid (CT) region from cadaveric dissection and to present the outcome of 73 consecutive thyroidectomies starting from a space in the CT region.MethodsDissection in the thyroid gland region and creating a space in the CT region was performed on five cadavers (10 spaces), followed by 73 consecutive thyroidectomies through a standard approach beginning from the CT space.ResultsIn all cadavers, a space was easily created in the CT region. Vessels, nerves and the parathyroid glands were identified. Standard thyroidectomy starting from the CT space was performed on 73 patients. The external laryngeal nerve was seen in 40% of the cases. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified and preserved in all patients. Six patients had temporary hypocalcaemia and eight had a temporary voice change. None of the patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.ConclusionThe CT space is an avascular space medial to the thyroid lobe and is a good starting point for thyroidectomy that allows easy and safe exploration of the region. (Asian J Surg 2002;25(3): 226-31

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acidic solutions using Phaseolus vulgaris L. extract as a green inhibitor

The anticorrosion characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris L. aqueous leaves extract were examined for the protection of carbon steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 0.5 M phosphoric acid solutions using potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The extract acted as mixed-type inhibitor, and was more potent in H3PO4 than in H2SO4. The adsorption of the extract on the metal surface obeyed Flory–Huggins, Temkin, and the Kinetic-Thermodynamic isotherms but not the Langmuir model. Analysis of the thermodynamic and activation parameters suggested that physical adsorption governed the inhibition mechanism. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carbohydrates, and protein contents in the extract were 121.80 ± 3.65 mg GAE/g DW, 67.65 ± 2.31 mg RE/g DW, 2.67 ± 0.32 mg GE/g DW, and 0.122%, respectively. The richness of the extract in phenolic compounds justified the strong adsorption of the P. vulgaris phytochemicals onto the surface of the metal

Microscopic and non-adiabatic Schr\"odinger equation derived from the Generator Coordinate Method based on 0 and 2 quasiparticle HFB states

A new approach called the Schr\"odinger Collective Intrinsic Model (SCIM) has been developed to achieve a microscopic description of the coupling between collective and intrinsic excitations. The derivation of the SCIM proceeds in two steps. The first step is based on a generalization of the symmetric moment expansion of the equations derived in the framework of the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM), when both Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) states and two-quasi-particle excitations are taken into account as basis states. The second step consists in reducing the generalized Hill and Wheeler equation to a simpler form to extract a Schr\"odinger-like equation. The validity of the approach is discussed by means of results obtained for the overlap kernel between HFB states and two-quasi-particle excitations at different deformations.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives from 5-Ethyl-3-Hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]Indole

5-Ethyl-3-hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b ]indole II was used for the synthesis of various heterocyclic derivatives. This was performed by reaction of its 3-hydrazino group with different reagents such as acid anhydrides, ethylacetate, diethyl oxalate, thioglycolic acid, aroyl esters and acid chlorides. The structure of the products was confirmed by different spectroscopic and analytical methods