The High Tech, Human Touch Magazine:2014 Edition

For the course Technolab in the master program Philosophy of Science, Technology, and Society, supervised by prof.dr.ir. M. Boon, we were assigned to write a magazine that covers three different research projects within the University of Twente. In the magazine, we examined the technological, social, and philosophical aspects of the research projects. Going through the magazine, we will take you along different technologies from outside the human body until cellular level. We can enhance the human body, enhance the way to detect illnesses in the human body, and enhance the human lifestyle. Do we really want to enhance the human being in all thinkable ways, or only enhance some aspects

Ligand Redox Non-Innocence in [Coᴵᴵᴵ(TAML)]0/‒ Complexes Affects Nitrene Formation

The redox non-innocence of the TAML scaffold in cobalt-TAML (Tetra-Amido Macrocyclic Ligand) complexes has been under debate since 2006. In this work we demonstrate with a variety of spectroscopic measurements that the TAML backbone in the anionic complex [CoIII(TAMLred)]- is truly redox non-innocent, and that one-electron oxidation affords [CoIII(TAMLsq)]. Multi-reference (CASSCF) calculations show that the electronic structure of [CoIII(TAMLsq)] is best described as an intermediate spin (S = 1) cobalt(III) center that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a ligand-centered radical, affording an overall doublet (S = ½) ground-state. Reaction of the cobalt(III)-TAML complexes with PhINNs as a nitrene precursor leads to TAML-centered oxidation, and produces nitrene radical complexes without oxidation of the metal ion. The ligand redox state (TAMLred or TAMLsq) determines whether mono- or bis-nitrene radical complexes are formed. Reaction of [CoIII(TAMLsq)] or [CoIII(TAMLred)]- with PhINNs results in formation of [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)] and [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)2]-, respectively. Herein, ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer results in one-electron reduced Fischer-type nitrene radicals (N•Ns-) that are intermediates in catalytic nitrene transfer to styrene. These nitrene radical species were characterized by EPR, XANES, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, magnetic moment measurements and supporting CASSCF calculations. <br /

Describing Peripancreatic Collections According to the Revised Atlanta Classification of Acute Pancreatitis: An International Interobserver Agreement Study

OBJECTIVES: Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with peripancreatic morphologic changes as seen on imaging. Uniform communication regarding these morphologic findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. For the original 1992 Atlanta classification, interobserver agreement is poor. We hypothesized that for the revised Atlanta classification, interobserver agreement will be better. METHODS: An international, interobserver agreement study was performed among expert and nonexpert radiologists (n = 14), surgeons (n = 15), and gastroenterologists (n = 8). Representative computed tomographies of all stages of acute pancreatitis were selected from 55 patients and were assessed according to the revised Atlanta classification. The interobserver agreement was calculated among all reviewers and subgroups, that is, expert and nonexpert reviewers; interobserver agreement was defined as poor (</=0.20), fair (0.21-0.40), moderate (0.41-0.60), good (0.61-0.80), or very good (0.81-1.00). RESULTS: Interobserver agreement among all reviewers was good (0.75 [standard deviation, 0.21]) for describing the type of acute pancreatitis and good (0.62 [standard deviation, 0.19]) for the type of peripancreatic collection. Expert radiologists showed the best and nonexpert clinicians the lowest interobserver agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Interobserver agreement was good for the revised Atlanta classification, supporting the importance for widespread adaption of this revised classification for clinical and research communications