168 research outputs found
Minor influence of humeral component size on torsional stiffness of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis
The use of Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prostheses is a well-studied replacement therapy for reconstruction of the elbow, but loosening of the humeral component is still of concern at long-term follow-up. In this study we looked at the effect of humeral component size and bone mineral density with respect to the bone size, torsional stiffness and torque to failure in cadaveric bones. Fourteen cadaveric humeri were available for testing purposes and four different humeral component size categories were used. First, we calculated the bone quality using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The torsional stiffness of the prosthetic humeri was measured during two mechanical tests: Firstly, the applied torque was recorded during a torsion fatigue test. The change of torsional stiffness between the tenth and last cycle was calculated. Secondly, a simple torsion test was performed and the torque to failure was recorded. No significant differences in outcome were seen between sizes of humeral components, even after correction for the bone size. Torsional stiffness and torque to failure were significantly correlated with bone mineral density and not with component size. In conclusion, bone quality seems to be a major eminent factor in the fixation of the humeral component in elbow replacement surgery
Restoration of Overlap Functions and Spectroscopic Factors in Nuclei
An asymptotic restoration procedure is applied for analyzing bound--state
overlap functions, separation energies and single--nucleon spectroscopic
factors by means of a model one--body density matrix emerging from the Jastrow
correlation method in its lowest order approximation for and
nuclei . Comparison is made with available experimental data and mean--field
and natural orbital representation results.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX style, to be published in Physical Review
A Measurement of the Interference Structure Function, R_LT, for the 12C(e,e'p) reaction in the Quasielastic Region
The coincidence cross-section and the interference structure function, R_LT,
were measured for the 12C(e,e'p) 11B reaction at quasielastic kinematics and
central momentum transfer of q=400 MeV/c. The measurement was at an opening
angle of theta_pq=11 degrees, covering a range in missing energy of E_m = 0 to
65 MeV. The R_LT structure function is found to be consistent with zero for E_m
> 50 MeV, confirming an earlier study which indicated that R_L vanishes in this
region. The integrated strengths of the p- and s-shell are compared with a
Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation calculation. The s-shell strength and
shape are compared with a Hartree Fock-Random Phase Approximation calculation.
The DWIA calculation overestimates the cross sections for p- and s-shell proton
knockout as expected, but surprisingly agrees with the extracted R_LT value for
both shells. The HF-RPA calculation describes the data more consistently, which
may be due to the inclusion of 2-body currents in this calculation.Comment: 8 Pages LaTex, 5 postscript figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Measurement of the Induced Proton Polarization P_n in the 12C(e,e'\vec{p}) Reaction
The first measurements of the induced proton polarization, P_n, for the 12C
(e,e'\vec{p}) reaction are reported. The experiment was performed at quasifree
kinematics for energy and momentum transfer (\omega,q) \approx (294 MeV, 756
MeV/c) and sampled a recoil momentum range of 0-250 MeV/c. The induced
polarization arises from final-state interactions and for these kinematics is
dominated by the real part of the spin-orbit optical potential. The
distorted-wave impulse approximation provides good agreement with data for the
1p_{3/2} shell. The data for the continuum suggest that both the 1s_{1/2} shell
and underlying l > 1 configurations contribute.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX, 2 postscript figures, accepted by Physical Reveiw
Letter
Quasifree Pion Electroproduction from Nuclei in the Region
We present calculations of the reaction in the
distorted wave impulse approximation. The reaction allows for the study of the
production process in the nuclear medium without being obscured by the details
of nuclear transition densities. First, a pion electroproduction operator
suitable for nuclear calculations is obtained by extending the Blomqvist-Laget
photoproduction operator to the virtual photon case. The operator is gauge
invariant, unitary, reference frame independent, and describes the existing
data reasonably well. Then it is applied in nuclei to predict nuclear cross
sections under a variety of kinematic arrangements. Issues such as the effects
of gauge-fixing, the interference of the resonance with the
background, sensitivities to the quadrupole component of the
excitation and to the electromagnetic form factors, the role of final-state
interactions, are studied in detail. Methods on how to experimentally separate
the various pieces in the coincidence cross section are suggested. Finally, the
model is compared to a recent SLAC experiment.Comment: 27 pages in REVTEX, plus 22 PS figures embedded using psfig.sty
(included), uuencode
The He(e, ed)p Reaction in q-constant Kinematics
The cross section for the He(e, ed)p reaction has been measured as a
function of the missing momentum in q -constant kinematics at
beam energies of 370 and 576 MeV for values of the three-momentum transfer
of 412, 504 and 604 \mevc. The L(+TT), T and LT structure functions have been
separated for = 412 and 504 \mevc. The data are compared to three-body
Faddeev calculations, including meson-exchange currents (MEC), and to
calculations based on a covariant diagrammatic expansion. The influence of
final-state interactions and meson-exchange currents is discussed. The
-dependence of the data is reasonably well described by all calculations.
However, the most advanced Faddeev calculations, which employ the AV18
nucleon-nucleon interaction and include MEC, overestimate the measured cross
sections, especially the longitudinal part, and at the larger values of .
The diagrammatic approach gives a fair description of the cross section, but
under(over)estimates the longitudinal (transverse) structure function.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
Quasielastic 12C(e,e'p) Reaction at High Momentum Transfer
We measured the 12C(e,e'p) cross section as a function of missing energy in
parallel kinematics for (q,w) = (970 MeV/c, 330 MeV) and (990 MeV/c, 475 MeV).
At w=475 MeV, at the maximum of the quasielastic peak, there is a large
continuum (E_m > 50 MeV) cross section extending out to the deepest missing
energy measured, amounting to almost 50% of the measured cross section. The
ratio of data to DWIA calculation is 0.4 for both the p- and s-shells. At w=330
MeV, well below the maximum of the quasielastic peak, the continuum cross
section is much smaller and the ratio of data to DWIA calculation is 0.85 for
the p-shell and 1.0 for the s-shell. We infer that one or more mechanisms that
increase with transform some of the single-nucleon-knockout into
multinucleon knockout, decreasing the valence knockout cross section and
increasing the continuum cross section.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, Revtex (multicol, prc and aps styles), to appear
in Phys Rev
Overlap functions in correlation methods and quasifree nucleon knockout from O
The cross sections of the () and () reactions on O
are calculated, for the transitions to the ground state and the first
excited state of the residual nucleus, using single-particle overlap
functions obtained on the basis of one-body density matrices within different
correlation methods. The electron-induced one-nucleon knockout reaction is
treated within a nonrelativistic DWIA framework. The theoretical treatment of
the () reaction includes both contributions of the direct knockout
mechanism and of meson-exchange currents. The results are sensitive to details
of the different overlap functions. The consistent analysis of the reaction
cross sections and the comparison with the experimental data make it possible
to study the nucleon--nucleon correlation effects.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX, 5 Postscript figures, submitted to PR
Femtometer Toroidal Structures in Nuclei
The two-nucleon density distributions in states with isospin , spin
=1 and projection =0 and 1 are studied in H, He,
Li and O. The equidensity surfaces for =0 distributions are
found to be toroidal in shape, while those of =1 have dumbbell shapes
at large density. The dumbbell shapes are generated by rotating tori. The
toroidal shapes indicate that the tensor correlations have near maximal
strength at fm in all these nuclei. They provide new insights and simple
explanations of the structure and electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron,
the quasi-deuteron model, and the , and =2 (-wave)
components in He, He and Li. The toroidal distribution has a
maximum-density diameter of 1 fm and a half-maximum density thickness of
0.9 fm. Many realistic models of nuclear forces predict these values,
which are supported by the observed electromagnetic form factors of the
deuteron, and also predicted by classical Skyrme effective Lagrangians, related
to QCD in the limit of infinite colors. Due to the rather small size of this
structure, it could have a revealing relation to certain aspects of QCD.Comment: 35 pages in REVTeX, 25 PostScript figure
- …