Конкуренція університетів: світовий досвід і українські реалії

Досліджено процеси конкуренції вищих навчальних закладів; обґрунтовано основні критерії формування рейтингів університетів; виявлено взаємозв’язок між високим рейтингом університету і показником його елітності; розкрито значення капіталізації в конкурентних перевагах вищих навчальних закладів; визначено роль елітних університетів у постіндустріальному розвитку суспільства.Исследованы процессы конкуренции высших учебных заведений; обоснованы основные критерии формирования рейтингов университетов; показана взаимосвязь между высоким рейтингом университета и показателем его элитности; раскрыто значение капитализации в конкурентных преимуществах высших учебных заведений; определена роль элитных университетов в постиндустриальном развитии общества.The processes of competition of universities are studi ed, proved the main criteria for the formation of university rankings, found the relationship between highly-rated university and the rate of its elite, disclosed the value of capitalization in the competitive advantages of higher education institutions, and determined the role of elite universities in the post-industrial development

Appetitive Operant Conditioning in Mice: Heritability and Dissociability of Training Stages

To study the heritability of different training stages of appetitive operant conditioning, we carried out behavioral screening of 5 standard inbred mouse strains, 28 recombinant-inbred (BxD) mouse lines and their progenitor strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. We also computed correlations between successive training stages to study whether learning deficits at an advanced stage of operant conditioning may be dissociated from normal performance in preceding phases of training. The training consisted of two phases: an operant nose poking (NP) phase, in which mice learned to collect a sucrose pellet from a food magazine by NP, and an operant lever press and NP phase, in which mice had to execute a sequence of these two actions to collect a food pellet. As a measure of magazine oriented exploration, we also studied the nose poke entries in the food magazine during the intertrial intervals at the beginning of the first session of the nose poke training phase. We found significantly heritable components in initial magazine checking behavior, operant NP and lever press–NP. Performance levels in these phases were positively correlated, but several individual strains were identified that showed poor lever press–NP while performing well in preceding training stages. Quantitative trait loci mapping revealed suggestive likelihood ratio statistic peaks for initial magazine checking behavior and lever press–NP. These findings indicate that consecutive stages toward more complex operant behavior show significant heritable components, as well as dissociability between stages in specific mouse strains. These heritable components may reside in different chromosomal areas

Development of an international core outcome set for peripheral vascular malformations: the OVAMA project

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Long-term effect of TNF inhibitors on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis is associated with time-averaged CRP levels [L'effet à long terme des inhibiteurs du TNF sur la progression radiographique dans la spondyloarthrite ankylosante est associé à la concentration moyenne de CRP]

Objectif: Évaluer si les effets de la prise durable (> 3 ans) d'anti-TNF sur la progression radiographique de la spondyloarthrite ankylosante (SA) sont associés à l'inflammation biologique pendant le traitement. Méthodes: Au total, 101 patients consécutifs atteints de SA sous anti-TNF (65 hommes; âge 41,6 ± 11 ans [moyenne ± écart-type]; durée des symptômes 17 ± 10 ans) ont été inclus dans cette étude rétrospective. Une comparaison a été effectuée entre les radiographies de profil du rachis cervical et lombaire, avant versus après une période de 7 ± 2,5 ans (intervalle 3–15) d'anti-TNF. La concentration de protéine réactive C (CRP) et la vitesse de sédimentation (VS) ont été mesurées tous les six mois. Le score mSASSS (Stoke AS Spine Score modifié) a été utilisé pour évaluer les dommages radiographiques. La formation de nouveaux syndesmophytes ou une variation annuelle du score mSASSS (ΔmSASSS/an) ≥ 1 unité a été définie comme une progression radiographique. Résultats: Une progression radiographique a été observée chez 47 patients (46,5 %). La ΔmSASSS/an était corrélé positivement avec les valeurs à l'inclusion de CRP (r = 0,35; p < 0,0001) et de VS (r = 0,3; p < 0,01) ainsi qu'avec la valeur moyenne temporelle de CRP (r = 0,3; p < 0,01). De plus, la ΔmSASSS/an était significativement plus élevée (p < 0,0001) chez les patients qui présentaient des syndesmophytes à l'inclusion (0,9 [0,4–1,8], médiane [intervalle interquartile, IQR]) que chez ceux qui n'en avaient pas (0 [0–0,4]). Dans l'analyse par régression logistique multivariée, les facteurs de risque indépendants de progression radiographique rachidienne au cours du traitement par anti-TNF étaient la présence de syndesmophytes à l'inclusion (odds ratio [OR] 14,7; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % 4,9–44) et une valeur moyenne temporelle de CRP > 5 mg/L (OR 7,6, IC 95 % 2,5–23). Il n'a pas été observé de différences entre les sexes. Conclusion: Chez les patients atteints de SA établie, la progression radiographique au cours du traitement par anti-TNF est associée de manière significative à une valeur moyenne temporelle de CRP plus élevée. © 202

Prevalence and Radiographic Progression of Hip Involvement in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of hip involvement between sexes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and to estimate the effect of TNFi on radiographic progression of hip involvement compared to the spine. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-nine patients with AS treated with TNFi (215 men; median age: 43 yrs [IQR 36-52], median disease duration: 7.6 yrs [IQR 2-15]) were evaluated for hip involvement, defined radiographically as Bath AS Radiological Hip Index (BASRI-hip) score ≥ 2. Those who received TNFi for ≥ 2 years (263/299) were assessed for radiographic progression. Radiographs of the pelvis and spine, obtained at baseline (ie, before TNFi initiation), were compared retrospectively to those obtained after 2.5 (SD 0.7) years and 7.0 (SD 2.3) years of TNFi treatment. Both hips were scored by BASRI-hip score and mean joint space width (MJSW). Spinal radiographs were scored by modified Stoke AS Spinal Score (mSASSS). RESULTS: The prevalence of hip involvement at baseline was 113/299 (38%) patients, of whom 87/215 (41%) were male and 26/84 (31%) were female (P = 0.10). In both sexes with hip involvement at baseline, BASRI-hip score and MJSW did not change significantly during follow-up. In males and females without baseline hip involvement, the BASRI-hip score remained unchanged after 2.5 (SD 0.7) years but increased significantly after 7.0 (SD 2.3) years, without reaching the cut-off of 2. In contrast, the MJSW slightly decreased at the 2 follow-up timepoints (ie, after 2.5 and 7.0 yrs). The mSASSS increased significantly during the follow-up in both sexes, regardless of hip involvement. CONCLUSION: In our study, approximately one-third of patients with AS had hip involvement, which seemed to stabilize with TNFi treatment. No sex differences in the prevalence or progression of this manifestation were found