Including Limited Partners in the Diversity Jurisdiction Analysis

This paper presents the results of the Dynamic Pricing Challenge, held on the occasion of the 17th INFORMS Revenue Management and Pricing Section Conference on June 29–30, 2017 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. For this challenge, participants submitted algorithms for pricing and demand learning of which the numerical performance was analyzed in simulated market environments. This allows consideration of market dynamics that are not analytically tractable or can not be empirically analyzed due to practical complications. Our findings implicate that the relative performance of algorithms varies substantially across different market dynamics, which confirms the intrinsic complexity of pricing and learning in the presence of competition

Deep learning-based recognition of key anatomical structures during robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy

Objective: To develop a deep learning algorithm for anatomy recognition in thoracoscopic video frames from robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) procedures using deep learning. Background: RAMIE is a complex operation with substantial perioperative morbidity and a considerable learning curve. Automatic anatomy recognition may improve surgical orientation and recognition of anatomical structures and might contribute to reducing morbidity or learning curves. Studies regarding anatomy recognition in complex surgical procedures are currently lacking. Methods: Eighty-three videos of consecutive RAMIE procedures between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively collected at University Medical Center Utrecht. A surgical PhD candidate and an expert surgeon annotated the azygos vein and vena cava, aorta, and right lung on 1050 thoracoscopic frames. 850 frames were used for training of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment the anatomical structures. The remaining 200 frames of the dataset were used for testing the CNN. The Dice and 95% Hausdorff distance (95HD) were calculated to assess algorithm accuracy. Results: The median Dice of the algorithm was 0.79 (IQR = 0.20) for segmentation of the azygos vein and/or vena cava. A median Dice coefficient of 0.74 (IQR = 0.86) and 0.89 (IQR = 0.30) were obtained for segmentation of the aorta and lung, respectively. Inference time was 0.026 s (39 Hz). The prediction of the deep learning algorithm was compared with the expert surgeon annotations, showing an accuracy measured in median Dice of 0.70 (IQR = 0.19), 0.88 (IQR = 0.07), and 0.90 (0.10) for the vena cava and/or azygos vein, aorta, and lung, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that deep learning-based semantic segmentation has potential for anatomy recognition in RAMIE video frames. The inference time of the algorithm facilitated real-time anatomy recognition. Clinical applicability should be assessed in prospective clinical studies.</p

Integrated microfluidic biosensing platform for simultaneous confocal microscopy and electrophysiological measurements on bilayer lipid membranes and ion channels

Combining high-resolution imaging and electrophysiological recordings is key for various types of experimentation on lipid bilayers and ion channels. Here, we propose an integrated biosensing platform consisting of a microfluidic cartridge and a dedicated chip-holder to conduct such dual measurements on suspended lipid bilayers, in a user-friendly manner. To illustrate the potential of the integrated platform, we characterize lipid bilayers in terms of thickness and fluidity while simultaneously monitoring single ion channel currents. For that purpose, POPC lipid bilayers are supplemented with a fluorescently-tagged phospholipid (NBD-PE, 1% mol) for Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) measurements and a model ion channel (gramicidin, 1 nM). These combined measurements reveal that NBD-PE has no effect on the lipid bilayer thickness while gramicidin induces thinning of the membrane. Furthermore, the presence of gramicidin does not alter the lipid bilayer fluidity. Surprisingly, in lipid bilayers supplemented with both probes, a reduction in gramicidin open probability and lifetime is observed compared to lipid bilayers with gramicidin only, suggesting an influence of NBD-PE on the gramicidin ion function. Altogether, our proposed microfluidic biosensing platform in combination with the herein presented multi-parametric measurement scheme paves the way to explore the interdependent relationship between lipid bilayer properties and ion channel function

Modular ATR FT-IR microreactor chip for optimizing reaction conditions

A silicon chip for attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with a modular PDMS herringbone mixer and a microreactor has been successfully fabricated and tested. The modular design allows the chip to be used for a variety of reactions. A model synthesis of 1-butyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole from hexane-2,5-dione with 1-butylamine has been performed on chip. When plotting the natural logarithm of the peak area corresponding to the ketone stretch vibration at 1710cm-1, against the residence time, a linear curve can be fitted, suggesting this step to be a first order reaction

Modular ATR FT-IR microreactor chip for optimizing reaction conditions

A silicon chip for attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with a modular PDMS herringbone mixer and a microreactor has been successfully fabricated and tested. The modular design allows the chip to be used for a variety of reactions. A model synthesis of 1-butyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole from hexane-2,5-dione with 1-butylamine has been performed on chip. When plotting the natural logarithm of the peak area corresponding to the ketone stretch vibration at 1710cm-1, against the residence time, a linear curve can be fitted, suggesting this step to be a first order reaction

Paraprofessionals for anxiety and depressive disorders

Background The established mental health care system does not have the resources to meet the extensive need for care of those with anxiety and depressive disorders. Paraprofessionals partially replacing professionals may be cost-effective. Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of any kind of psychological treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders performed by paraprofessionals compared with professionals, waiting list or placebo condition. To examine whether the results apply to clinically significant anxiety and depressive disorders of referred patients with a psychiatric history and/or whose illness has lasted two years or more. Search strategy CCDANCTR-Studies using the following terms: (paraprofessional* or para-professional* or non-professional* or non-professional* or peer or volunt*); EMBASE (ExerptaMedica), MEDLINE and PsycINFO, all years published, key words: para-/paraprofessional, non-/nonprofessional, rand*, respectively psy*; citation lists of articles reviewing the subject and included studies; correspondence with authors of controlled studies and review reports on the subject. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials that used symptom measures, and compared the effects of psychological treatments given by paraprofessionals (mental health care workers, paid or voluntary, unqualified with respect to the psychological treatment) with psychological treatments given by professionals, and with waiting list or placebo condition. Data collection and analysis The standard mean difference was used to pool continuous data from each trial, and odds ratios were used to pool dichotomous data, using a random effects model. The generic inverse variance method was used for combining continuous and dichotomous data. The effect of low quality studies and the use of self-rated versus observer-rated measures were tested, and subgroup analyses were performed for differences between depression and anxiety diagnosis, paraprofessionals with/without professional background, group/individual intervention, length of follow-up and gender (post-hoc subgroup analysis). Main results Five studies, all using self-report measures, reported five comparisons of paraprofessionals versus professionals (n=106) and five comparisons of paraprofessionals versus control condition (n=220). No differences were found between paraprofessionals and professionals (SMD=0.09, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.40, p=0.58; no significant heterogeneity). Studies comparing paraprofessionals versus control reported mixed continuous and dichotomous data showed a significant pooled effect in favour of paraprofessionals (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.88, p=0.03), but heterogeneity was indicated (I-2=60.9%, Chi(2)=10.24, df=4, p=0.04). After correction for heterogeneity and removing one study of low quality, the pooling of data from three studies (n=128; mixed gender and women only) indicated no significant difference in effect between paraprofessionals and professionals (SMD=0.13, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.64; p=0.63) and a strongly significant pooled effect for three studies (n=188; women only) favouring paraprofessionals over the control condition (OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.48, p Authors' conclusions The few studies included in the review did not allow conclusions about the effect of paraprofessionals compared to professionals. Pooling data from three studies, involving women only, indicated a significant effect for paraprofessionals (all volunteers) compared to no treatment. The evidence to date may justify the development and evaluation of programs incorporating paraprofessionals in treatment programs for anxiety and depressive disorders

Hyperplasia of epithelium adjacent to transitional cell carcinoma can be induced by growth factors through paracrine pathways

Hyperplasia of transitional cell epithelium adjacent to human transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) is a common finding in pathology. This hyperplasia may be a precancerous aberration. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the hyperplasia is due to paracrine action of tumour-derived growth factors. In this study we tested the latter hypothesis using the mouse tumorigenic TCC cell line NUC-1. Transplantation of NUC-1 tumour cells into the urinary bladder submucosa of syngeneic mice in vivo induced hyperplasia of normal adjacent urothelium in all tested mice. Implantation of normal mouse bladder mucosa did not induce urothelial hyperplasia. In vitro, conditioned medium of NUC-1 cells induced the proliferation of the mouse urothelial cell line g/G, which closely resembles normal urothelial cells. This induction was inhibited by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Similarly, TGFβ1 inhibited the fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and FGF-2 induced proliferation of g/G cells. Chemico-physical examination, bioassays with conditioned media, and RNA analysis of NUC-1 cells revealed that these cells secreted a growth factor with FGF-like properties. These results indicate that epithelial hyperplasia surrounding carcinomas is not necessarily a precancerous aberration, but may result from direct paracrine action of tumour-derived growth factors

Lesgeven in passend onderwijs: Hoe leerkracht-leerling relaties de sociale positie van leerlingen in de klas mee bepalen

Development Psychopathology in context: schoo

Occupational differences in a Dutch sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer’s dementia

Background: Cognitive reserve is a potential mechanism to cope with brain damage as a result of dementia, which can be defined by indirect proxies, including education level, leisure time activities, and occupational attainment. In this study we explored the association between dementia diagnosis and type of occupation in a retrospective Dutch outpatient memory clinic sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). Methods: We included data from 427 patients (bvFTD n = 87, PPA n = 148, AD n = 192) and compared the frequency of occupations (11 categories) between patients and data from the Dutch census using Pearson Χ2 tests and we calculated odds ratios (OR) by means of multinomial logistic regression analyses. We also investigated patient group differences in age, sex, education, disease duration, and global cognition. Results: The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA was significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in patients with bvFTD [OR = 4.79, p =.007] and AD [OR = 2.04, p =.041]. The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA (16%) was also significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census [5.3%; OR = 3.27, p &lt;.001]. The frequency of teachers in both bvFTD and AD groups were not significantly different from the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census (p =.078 and p =.513, respectively). Conclusions: A potential explanation for our results is the so called “wear and tear” hypothesis, suggesting that teachers have a communication-wise demanding occupation–and therefore are at higher risk to develop PPA. Alternatively, teaching requires continuous communication, hence teachers are more sensitive to subtle changes in their speech and language abilities. Our findings broaden our understanding of the relationship between occupational activity and cognitive reserve in the development of dementia.</p