Ficus cornelisiana, a new species of Ficus subsection Urostigma (Moraceae) from the Sino-himalayan region

International audienceA small fig tree has been misidentified as Ficus orthoneura for a long time. However, morphologically it is distinct from F. orthoneura and F. hookeriana. Typical are the ellipsoid, puberulous receptacle and caducous basal bracts. Leaf anatomy shows a multiple epidermis with the cells in the inner layer much larger than in the outer layer and thus both layers resemble an epidermis with a separate hypodermis. The abaxial cuticle is strongly sculptured, the palisade layer shows some long subdivided cells, and enlarged lithocysts are only present abaxially. Because of these differences we hereby describe it as a new species, named in honour of Cornelis (Cees) Berg: Ficus cornelisiana

Erratum: Bouman, R.W., Keβler, P.J.A., Telford, I.R.H., Bruhl, J.J., Strijk, J.S., Saunders, R.M.K., Esser, H.-J., Falcón-Hidalgo, B. & van Welzen, P.C. (2022) A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae). Phytotaxa 540: 1-100

Bouman, R.W., Telford, I.R.H., Bruhl, J.J., Strijk, J.S., Saunders, R.M.K., Esser, H.-J., Falcón-Hidalgo, B., Welzen, P.C. (2023): Erratum: Bouman, R.W., Keβler, P.J.A., Telford, I.R.H., Bruhl, J.J., Strijk, J.S., Saunders, R.M.K., Esser, H.-J., Falcón-Hidalgo, B. & van Welzen, P.C. (2022) A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae). Phytotaxa 540: 1-100. Phytotaxa 597 (3): 237-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.3.

Risk factors associated with 10% weight change in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced people living with HIV initiating or switching to an NNRTI- or INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy in four large cohort studies

Background: Pooled analyses of randomised controlled trials have shown weight gain (WG) following initiation/switching of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) [1,2]. We explored risk factors associated with ≥10% WG/weight loss (WL) in PLWHIV after initiating/switching ART. Materials and methods: Weight data were analysed from treatment-experienced (TE) and treatment-naïve (TN) PLWHIV enrolled in four Gilead-sponsored, post-authorisation, observational HIV cohort studies (2010 to 2020) and who initiated/switched non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)– or integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)–based ART. Participants had weight data available at baseline and 10 to 15 months post-baseline. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors for ≥10% WG/WL at 12 months in participants were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Two thousand, six hundred and sixty-six participants were included. Median age: 38 (TN)/47 years (TE). Of TE participants, 914/1939 (47%) switched from emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) backbone to F/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and 162/1939 (8%) from abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC) to F/TAF. Two hundred and twenty-nine of 727 (31%) TN participants had ≥10% WG (Table 1). Risk factors for ≥10% WG were F/TAF backbone (vs F/TDF; p < 0.001), low baseline CD4 (vs higher; p = 0.010), and being underweight (vs normal; p= 0.024; Figure 1). Eight of 727 (1%) TN participants had ≥10% WL. No significant risk factors for ≥10% WL were identified. Four hundred and fifty-one of 1939 (23%) TE participants had ≥10% WG (Table 1). Risk factors for ≥10% WG were INSTI-based ART (vs NNRTI; p = 0.029), F/TAF backbone (vs F/TDF; p < 0.001), being female (vs male; p = 0.002), switching from F/TDF to F/TAF (vs no switch; p = 0.001), being underweight (vs normal; p < 0.001), and having comorbidities associated with obesity (vs not; p = 0.046). Forty of 1939 (2%) TE participants had ≥10% WL. Only comedications associated with WL were predictors for ≥10% WL (OR 2.73 [95% CI 1.02 to 7.31]; p = 0.046). Conclusions: After initiating ART, WG was associated with F/TAF backbone, low baseline CD4 count, and being underweight in TN participants. In TE participants, WG was associated with INSTI-based ART, F/TAF backbone, switching from F/TDF to F/TAF, being female, and being underweight at baseline. Findings are consistent with the documented WG suppressive effect of F/TDF [3-6]. These data cannot determine the contribution of F/TAF to WG beyond the absence of the F/TDF WG suppressive effect. References: 1. Sax PE, Erlandson KM, Lake JE, Mccomsey GA, Orkin C, Esser S, et al. Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: risk factors in randomized comparative clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:1379-89. 2. Erlandson KM, Carter CC, Melbourne K, Brown TT, Cohen C, Das M, et al. Weight change following antiretroviral therapy switch in people with viral suppression: pooled data from randomized clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:1440-51. 3. Glidden DV, Mulligan K, McMahan V, Anderson PL, Guanira J, Chariyalertsak S, et al. Metabolic effects of preexposure prophylaxis with coformulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67:411-9. 4. Ogbuagu O, Ruane PJ, Podzamczer D, Salazar LC, Henry K, Asmuth DM, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis: week 96 results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e397-e407. 5. Landovitz RJ, Donnell D, Clement M, Hanscom B, Cottle L, Coelho L, et al. HPTN 083 final results: Pre-exposure prophylaxis containing long-acting injectable cabotegravir is safe and highly effective for cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. 23rd International AIDS Conference; 2020 Jul 6-10. Oral OAXLB01. 6. Shah S, Pilkington V, Hill A. Use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate shows weight loss vs placebo: a meta-analysis of 7 clinical trials in 19,359 HIV-negative individuals. IDWeek 2021; 2021 Sep 29-Oct 3; virtual. Poster P882