401 research outputs found

    Moral incentives

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    The social psychology of protest

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    Sub-clinical levels of autistic traits impair multisensory integration of audiovisual speech

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    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restricted interests, repetitive behavior, deficits in social communication and atypical multisensory perception. ASD symptoms are found to varying degrees in the general population. While impairments in multisensory speech processing are widely reported in clinical ASD populations, the impact of sub-clinical levels of autistic traits on multisensory speech perception is still unclear. The present study examined audiovisual (AV) speech processing in a large non-clinical adult population in relation to autistic traits measured by the Autism Quotient. AV speech processing was assessed using the McGurk illusion, a simultaneity judgment task and a spoken word recognition task in background noise. We found that difficulty with Imagination was associated with lower susceptibility to the McGurk illusion. Furthermore, difficulty with Attention-switching was associated with a wider temporal binding window and reduced gain from lip-read speech. These results demonstrate that sub-clinical ASD symptomatology is related to reduced AV speech processing performance, and are consistent with the notion of a spectrum of ASD traits that extends into the general population

    Promoting or Preventing Social Change : Instrumentality, identity, ideology and group-based anger as motives of protest participation

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    Demonstraties zijn een steeds 'normaler' verschijnsel en bovendien is het demonstrerende publiek steeds diverser. Waarom demonstreren mensen? In de eerste helft van de vorige eeuw benadrukten onderzoekers de irrationele en emotionele kanten van protest gedrag om daarna de meer rationele, structurele en organisationele kanten te benadrukken. Dit proefschrift laat zien dat demonstranten instrumentele, identiteits, ideologische en emotionele routes naar protest nemen. Dus beide kanten spelen een rol in de motivatie om te demonstreren. Echter, dit proefschrift laat ook zien waarom een demonstrant op een bepaald moment de ene route neemt en niet de ander. Dit blijkt afhankelijk van de organiserende organisatie en zelf-regulatie mechanismen. Tijdens demonstraties van de vakbeweging en Keer het Tij hebben wij participatiemotieven onderzocht. Demonstranten van de vakbeweging en Keer het Tij waren beiden woedend, echter instrumentele overwegingen versterkten de woede bij de vakbond terwijl ideologische overwegingen de woede bij Keer het Tij versterkten. Dus afhankelijk van de organiserende organisatie ligt de nadruk op meer instrumentele of ideologische routes. Zelf-regulatie mechanismen blijken als individueel "besturingsmechanisme" te funktioneren. In deze zelf-regulatie richten promotors zich op idealen en preventors op veiligheid. Vertaald naar participatiemotieven blijkt dat promotors de ideologie-route nemen en preventors de instrumentele- en identiteits-route. Daarnaast trekt een demonstratieoproep in promotietermen (Keer het Tij) meer promotors met ideologie motieven en een demonstratieoproep in preventietermen (vakbeweging) meer preventors met instrumentele en identiteits motieven. Dit laat zien dat afhankelijk van een interactie tussen individuele en organisationele kenmerken, demonstranten participeren op basis van zowel instrumentele, solidaire alswel expressieve overwegingen.Klandermans, P.G. [Promotor]Dijk, W. van [Copromotor

    Suppression of the auditory N1 by visual anticipatory motion is modulated by temporal and identity predictability

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    The amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is typically suppressed when a sound is accompanied by visual anticipatory information that reliably predicts the timing and identity of the sound. While this visually-induced suppression of the auditory N1 is considered an early electrophysiological marker of fulfilled prediction, it is not yet fully understood whether this internal predictive coding mechanism is primarily driven by the temporal characteristics, or by the identity features of the anticipated sound. The current study examined the impact of temporal and identity predictability on suppression of the auditory N1 by visual anticipatory motion with an ecologically valid audiovisual event (a video of a handclap). Predictability of auditory timing and identity was manipulated in three different conditions in which sounds were either played in isolation, or in conjunction with a video that either reliably predicted the timing of the sound, the identity of the sound, or both the timing and identity. The results showed that N1 suppression was largest when the video reliably predicted both the timing and identity of the sound, and reduced when either the timing or identity of the sound was unpredictable. The current results indicate that predictions of timing and identity are both essential elements for predictive coding in audition
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