Экологический рекреационный потенциал как фактор устойчивого рекреационного природопользования в Крыму

В статье впервые рассмотрены направления комплексного изучения и оценки эколого-рекреационного потенциала территории. Анализ экологической ситуации в Крыму с позиций рекреационного природопользования (РП) включал оценку последствий выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу, сброса сточных вод вводные объекты. Рассмотрена роль и место природоохранных территорий Крыма в системе РП. При написании статьи использовались методы экологической статистики и картографические методы.У статті вперше розглянуті напрямки комплексного вивчення та оцінки еколого-рекреаційного потенціалу території. Аналіз екологічної ситуації в Криму з позицій рекреаційного природокористування (РП) включав оцінку наслідків викидів шкідливих речовин у атмосферне повітря, скиду стічних вод у водні об'єкти. Розглянута роль та місце природоохоронних територій Криму у системі РП. При написанні статті використовувалися методи екологічної статистики та картографічні методи.The ways of complex research and assessing ecological recreational potential of the territory have been considered in this article for the first time. The analysis of ecological situation in the Crimea from the point of view of the recreational nature management included the consequences of polluting substances in atmosphere, сброс of contaminated sewage into nature objects. The role and place of nature protected territories in the Crimea within the system of recreational nature management have been under the consideration. Ecological statistics and cartographical methods were used in writing this article

Novel approaches for the rapid development of rationally designed arbovirus vaccines

Vector-borne diseases, including those transmitted by mosquitoes, account for more than 17% of infectious diseases worldwide. This number is expected to rise with an increased spread of vector mosquitoes and viruses due to climate change and man-made alterations to ecosystems. Among the most common, medically relevant mosquito-borne infections are those caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially members of the genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus. Arbovirus infections can cause severe disease in humans, livestock and wildlife. Severe consequences from infections include congenital malformations as well as arthritogenic, haemorrhagic or neuroinvasive disease. Inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are available for a small number of arboviruses; however there are no licensed vaccines for the majority of these infections. Here we discuss recent developments in pan-arbovirus LAV approaches, from site-directed attenuation strategies targeting conserved determinants of virulence to universal strategies that utilize genome-wide re-coding of viral genomes. In addition to these approaches, we discuss novel strategies targeting mosquito saliva proteins that play an important role in virus transmission and pathogenesis in vertebrate hosts. For rapid pre-clinical evaluations of novel arbovirus vaccine candidates, representative in vitro and in vivo experimental systems are required to assess the desired specific immune responses. Here we discuss promising models to study attenuation of neuroinvasion, neurovirulence and virus transmission, as well as antibody induction and potential for cross-reactivity. Investigating broadly applicable vaccination strategies to target the direct interface of the vertebrate host, the mosquito vector and the viral pathogen is a prime example of a One Health strategy to tackle human and animal diseases.Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie

Beyond the Global Brain Differences:Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and globalbrain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a globaldifference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regionaldifferences beyond global differences in brain structure.METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n =30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matchednoncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’sregional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the globaldifference.RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differedmore than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thicknessin regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal andsomatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in altered neurodevelopment

Rekenproblemen bij kinderen met dyslexie

Item does not contain fulltextHet doel van dit onderzoek is om meer inzicht te verkrijgen in de risicofactoren onderliggend aan de rekenproblemen die kinderen met dyslexie ervaren. Er is getoetst of deze rekenproblemen een gevolg zijn van de cognitieve vaardigheden onderliggend aan de lees/spellingproblematiek of dat deze kunnen worden verklaard door additionele cognitieve vaardigheden die worden geassocieerd met rekenspecifieke vaardigheden. Een groep basisschoolleerlingen uit groep 4, 5 en 6 met dyslexie (N = 58) is vergeleken met een controlegroep (N = 59) op lezen, spellen, rekenen, fonologisch bewustzijn, snel serieel benoemen, getalbegrip en werkgeheugen. Uit de analyses is gebleken dat de helft van de kinderen met dyslexie ook rekenproblemen vertoonde en dat deze problemen niet voorspeld kunnen worden door de cognitieve vaardigheden onderliggend aan lees/spelling problemen (fonologie en snel serieel benoemen). De problemen kunnen worden verklaard door additionele cognitieve vaardigheden die worden geassocieerd met dyscalculie (getalbegrip en werkgeheugen). Kinderen met dyslexie en rekenproblemen hebben dus in ernstigere mate problemen dan kinderen met enkel dyslexie. Deze bevindingen ondersteunen eerder onderzoek naar de comorbiditeit tussen dyslexie en rekenproblematiek.14 p

Shared and Unique Risk Factors Underlying Mathematical Disability and Reading and Spelling Disability

High comorbidity rates have been reported between mathematical learning disabilities (MD) and reading and spelling disabilities (RSD). Research has identified skills related to math, such as number sense (NS) and visuospatial working memory (visuospatial WM), as well as to literacy, such as phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) and verbal short-term memory (Verbal STM). In order to explain the high comorbidity rates between MD and RSD, 7–11-year-old children were assessed on a range of cognitive abilities related to literacy (PA, RAN, Verbal STM) and mathematical ability (visuospatial WM, NS). The group of children consisted of typically developing (TD) children (n = 32), children with MD (n = 26), children with RSD (n = 29), and combined MD and RSD (n = 43). It was hypothesized that, in line with the multiple deficit view on learning disorders, at least one unique predictor for both MD and RSD and a possible shared cognitive risk factor would be found to account for the comorbidity between the symptom dimensions literacy and math. Secondly, our hypotheses were that (a) a probabilistic multi-factorial risk factor model would provide a better fit to the data than a deterministic single risk factor model and (b) that a shared risk factor model would provide a better fit than the specific multi-factorial model. All our hypotheses were confirmed. NS and visuospatial WM were identified as unique cognitive predictors for MD, whereas PA and RAN were both associated with RSD. Also, a shared risk factor model with PA as a cognitive predictor for both RSD and MD fitted the data best, indicating that MD and RSD might co-occur due to a shared underlying deficit in phonological processing. Possible explanations are discussed in the context of sample selection and composition. This study shows that different cognitive factors play a role in mathematics and literacy, and that a phonological processing deficit might play a role in the occurrence of MD and RSD