371 research outputs found
Mechanism and dynamics of the CO-induced lifting of the Pt(100) surface reconstruction
The first atomistic simulations of the CO-induced lifting of the Pt(100)-hex reconstruction have been performed. During this phase transformation the surface changes back to bulk-terminated Pt(100)-(1×1), whereby the surface atom density decreases by ~20%. The simulations reveal a mechanism collective in nature, indicating that restructuring proceeds through ejection of chains of Pt atoms. These chains explain the anisotropy as seen in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. The restructuring rate depends nonlinearly on the CO coverage, but the absence of local clustering of CO excludes an explanation in terms of elementary reaction kinetics as proposed previously
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative of research
This is the final version. Available from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this record.Availability of data and material:
All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary
information.Objectives: Physical activity is widely recommended in the treatment and management of
cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits, many young
people with CF are not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of
this systematic review was to identify and synthesise available qualitative investigations
exploring the motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young
people with CF.
Methods: The following six electronic databases were systematically searched: ASSIA, CINAH,
EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-in-process, PsycINFO up to August 2019. Keywords were used to
identify qualitative research that explored engagement in physical activity among young
people with CF. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers, and
potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they
employed any qualitative method and recruited participants under the age of 24 years with
CF. Risk of bias of included studies were assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Program.
Results were synthesised using a thematic approach.
Results: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall,
studies were of moderate to high quality. Thematic synthesis identified nine main themes
that encompass motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young
people with CF. These were 1) perceptions of physical activity, 2) value attributed to
physical activity, 3) social influences, 4) competing priorities, 5) fluctuating health, 6)
normality, 7) control beliefs, 8) coping strategies, and 9) availability of facilities. Previous
reviews have been unable to identify intervention characteristics that influence physical
activity behaviour.
Conclusions: This review provides detailed information on the physical (biological – clinical),
psychological, social, and environmental influences on physical activity behaviour, thus
providing numerous targets for future interventions. This in turn could facilitate promotion
of physical activity among young people with CF.Cystic Fibrosis TrustVertex Pharmaceutical
Functional interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Src kinase activity
AbstractTo study the relationship between the tyrosine kinase c-Src and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), we used the breast cancer cell line ZR75-1, which was transfected with the EGF-R. The EGF-R transfected cell line expressed 60 times more EGF-R than a control cell line transfected with the empty vector. In the presence of EGF, the EGF-R over-expressing cell line grew much faster than the control cell line. Both cell lines expressed approximately equal amounts of c-Src. However, the cell line over-expressing the EGF-R showed a twofold enhancement of c-Src kinase activity after EGF stimulation. The activation of c-Src kinase by EGF was confirmed in other EGF-R expressing cell types
Cost-utility, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for breast cancer survivors with treatment-induced menopausal symptoms
Purpose: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), with and without therapist support, is effective in reducing treatment-induced menopausal symptoms and perceived impact of hot flushes and night sweats (HF/NS) in breast cancer survivors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cost-utility, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of both iCBT formats compared to a waiting list control group from the Dutch healthcare perspective. Methods: A Markov model was constructed with a 5-year time horizon. Costs and health outcomes were measured alongside a randomized controlled clinical trial and included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), overall levels of menopausal symptoms, and perceived impact of HF/NS. Uncertainty was examined using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses, together with a scenario analysis incorporating a different perspective. Results: iCBT was slightly more expensive than the waiting list control, but also more effective, resulting in incremental cost-utility ratios of €23,331/QALY and €11,277/QALY for the guided and self-managed formats, respectively. A significant reduction in overall levels of menopausal symptoms or perceived impact of HF/NS resulted in incremental costs between €1460 and €1525 for the guided and €500–€753 for the self-managed format. The estimated annual budget impact for the Netherlands was €192,990 for the guided and €74,592 for the self-managed format. Conclusion: Based on the current trial data, the results indicate that both guided and self-managed iCBT are cost-effective with a willingness-to-pay threshold of well below €30,000/QALY. Additionally, self-managed iCBT is the most cost-effective strategy and has a lower impact on healthcare budgets.</p
Augmenting muscle diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol content by blocking fatty acid oxidation does not impede insulin sensitivity
A low fat oxidative capacity has been linked to muscle diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation and insulin resistance. Alternatively, a low fat oxidation rate may stimulate glucose oxidation, thereby enhancing glucose disposal. Here, we investigated whether an ethyl-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (etomoxir)-induced inhibition of fat oxidation leads to muscle fat storage and insulin resistance. An intervention in healthy male subjects was combined with studies in human primary myotubes. Furthermore, muscle DAG and triacylglycerol (TAG), mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling were examined in etomoxir-treated C57bl6 mice. In humans, etomoxir administration increased glucose oxidation at the expense of fat oxidation. This effect was accompanied by an increased abundance of GLUT4 at the sarcolemma and a lowering of plasma glucose levels, indicative of improved glucose homeostasis. In mice, etomoxir injections resulted in accumulation of muscle TAG and DAG, yet improved insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Also in human myotubes, insulin signaling was improved by etomoxir, in the presence of increased intramyocellular lipid accumulation. These insulin-sensitizing effects in mice and human myotubes were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results show that a reduction in fat oxidation leading to accumulation of muscle DAG does not necessarily lead to insulin resistance, as the reduction in fat oxidation may activate AMPK
Colonial heritage and restitution: a round table discussion among museum professionals
Political Culture and National Identit
CO-induced lifting of Au (001) surface reconstruction
We report CO-induced lifting of the hexagonal surface reconstruction on Au
(001). Using in-situ surface x-ray scattering, we determined a
pressure-temperature phase diagram for the reconstruction and measured the
dynamical evolution of the surface structure in real time. Our observations
provide evidence that, under certain conditions, even macroscopic Au surfaces,
much larger than catalytic Au nanoparticles [M. Haruta, Catal. Today 36, 153
(1997)], can exhibit some of the reactive properties and surface transitions
observed in systems known to be catalytically active such as Pt (001).Comment: 4 Figures. Accepted as a Letter to Journal of Physical Chemistry
Correction: Getting evidence into clinical practice: protocol for evaluation of the implementation of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with heart failure.
This is the final version. Available on open access from BMJ Publishing group via the DOI in this recordThe article to which this is the correction is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121757This is a correction to: Daw P, van Beurden SB, Greaves C, et al. Getting evidence into clinical practice: protocol for evaluation of the implementation of a home- based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with heart failure. BMJ Open 2020;10:e036137. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2019-036137. This article was previously published with an error. The paper was linked to an incorrect trial registration number, which has now been remove
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