Ground state and constrained domain walls in Gd/Fe multilayers

The magnetic ground state of antiferromagnetically coupled Gd/Fe multilayers and the evolution of in-plane domain walls is modelled with micromagnetics. The twisted state is characterised by a rapid decrease of the interface angle with increasing magnetic field. We found that for certain ratios M(Fe):M(Gd), the twisted state is already present at low fields. However, the magnetic ground state is not only determined by the ratio M(Fe):M(Gd) but also by the thicknesses of the layers, that is the total moments of the layer. The dependence of the magnetic ground state is explained by the amount of overlap of the domain walls at the interface. Thicker layers suppress the Fe aligned and the Gd aligned state in favour of the twisted state. Whereas ultrathin layers exclude the twisted state, since wider domain walls can not form in these ultrathin layers

Ruddlesden-Popper faults in LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattices

Scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy is used to study LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattices grown on (La,Sr)AlO4 with varying single-layer thicknesses which are known to control their electronic properties. The microstructure of the films is investigated on the atomic level and the role of observed defects is discussed in the context of the different properties. Two types of Ruddlesden-Popper faults are found which are either two or three dimensional. The common planar Ruddlesden-Popper fault is induced by steps on the substrate surface. In contrast, the three-dimensionally arranged Ruddlesden-Popper fault, whose size is in the nanometer range, is caused by the formation of local stacking faults during film growth. Furthermore, the interfaces of the superlattices are found to show different sharpness, but the microstructure does not depend substantially on the single-layer thickness.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Changing dynamics in problematic personality: A multiwave longitudinal study of the relationship between shyness and aggressiveness from childhood to early adulthood

This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The present longitudinal study investigated cascade effects linking the longitudinal trajectories of shyness and aggressiveness between age 4 and 23 and individual differences in this longitudinal relationship. Results demonstrated that there were cascade effects from shyness to adjacent measures of aggressiveness at three moments in time, and that the dynamics of these relationships changed over time. Children who were shy at age 6 became less aggressive at age 7 and the same effect was found between age 8 and age 10. From adolescence to early adulthood, the direction of the relationship changed and shy adolescents at age 17 became increasingly aggressive 5 years later. Interindividual differences were found in the latter cascade effect in that shyness at age 17 only predicted an increase in aggressiveness at age 23 for adolescents receiving low levels of support from their parents and for adolescents spending little time in part-time work. Together, findings suggest the importance of examining the development of normal variations in personality and personality disorders from a developmental perspective and taking into account person–environment interactions.Peer Reviewe

Role of Macroscopic Particles in Deep-Sea Oxygen Consumption

Macroscopic particles (\u3e 500 µg), including marine snow, large migrating zooplankton, and their fast-sinking fecal pellets, represent primary vehicles of organic carbon flux from the surface to the deep sea. In contrast, freely suspended microscopic particles such as bacteria and protists do not sink, and they contribute the largest portion of metabolism in the upper ocean. In bathy- and abyssopelagic layers of the ocean (2,000-6,000 m), however, microscopic particles may not dominate oxygen consumption. In a section across the tropical Atlantic, we show that macroscopic particle peaks occurred frequently in the deep sea, whereas microscopic particles were barely detectable. In 10 of 17 deep-sea profiles (\u3e 2,000 m depth), macroscopic particle abundances were more strongly cross-correlated with oxygen deficits than microscopic particles, suggesting that biomass bound to large particles dominates overall deep-sea metabolism

Adult Attachment and Personal Recovery in Clients With a Psychotic Disorder

Background: Personal recovery has become a key objective in the treatment of clients with a psychotic disorder. So far it has been established that the two attachment dimensions, ie, anxious and avoidant, are negatively associated with subjective well-being, self-esteem and hope. This study is the first to explore whether attachment styles are related to personal recovery in this population. Aims: To study the effects of anxious and avoidant attachment on personal recovery in a population with a psychotic disorder. Method: This cross-sectional study is part of the UP's multicenter cohort study on recovery from psychotic disorders, in which 265 participants are currently included. Attachment was assessed using the Psychosis Attachment Measure, including the anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. Personal recovery was measured using the Recovering Quality of Life-10 (ReQOL-10) and the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC). Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of attachment on personal recovery. Results: We found negative effects of the anxious attachment style on the total scores of the ReQoL-10 (b = -4.54, SE = 0.69, β = β0.37) and the I.ROC (b = -5.21, SE = 0.89, β = -0.32). Although there were also negative effects of the avoidant attachment style on the total scores of the ReQoL-10 (b = -3.08, SE = 0.93, β = -0.18) and the I.ROC (b = -4.24, SE = 1.24, β = -0.19), these were less pronounced. Conclusion: Results show that both forms of insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) are related to poorer personal recovery in clients with a psychotic disorder.</p

Analysis of acoustic emission during the melting of embedded indium particles in an aluminum matrix: a study of plastic strain accommodation during phase transformation

Acoustic emission is used here to study melting and solidification of embedded indium particles in the size range of 0.2 to 3 um in diameter and to show that dislocation generation occurs in the aluminum matrix to accommodate a 2.5% volume change. The volume averaged acoustic energy produced by indium particle melting is similar to that reported for bainite formation upon continuous cooling. A mechanism of prismatic loop generation is proposed to accommodate the volume change and an upper limit to the geometrically necessary increase in dislocation density is calculated as 4.1 x 10^9 cm^-2 for the Al-17In alloy. Thermomechanical processing is also used to change the size and distribution of the indium particles within the aluminum matrix. Dislocation generation with accompanied acoustic emission occurs when the melting indium particles are associated with grain boundaries or upon solidification where the solid-liquid interfaces act as free surfaces to facilitate dislocation generation. Acoustic emission is not observed for indium particles that require super heating and exhibit elevated melting temperatures. The acoustic emission work corroborates previously proposed relaxation mechanisms from prior internal friction studies and that the superheat observed for melting of these micron-sized particles is a result of matrix constraint.Comment: Presented at "Atomistic Effects in Migrating Interphase Interfaces - Recent Progress and Future Study" TMS 201