Evaluation of the Quality and Quantity Dental Wastes in Dental Centers of Mashhad City, 2017

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Today, one of the most important environmental issues is dental solid wastes due to its high contents of toxic, pathogen and hazardous agents. The aim of this study was to quantity and quality analyses of dental solid waste in dental centers of Mashhad. Materials & Methods:In this descriptive study 40 Dental centers were studied. From each Dental centers, three samples were analyzed at the successive working days (Sunday, Monday and Tuesday). The samples were manually sorted into 64 different components and measured by digital scale. Then, measured components were classified on the basis of characteristic and hazardous potential as well as material type. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics, SPSS 16 software. Results:According to the results, total waste produced in dental centers in Mashhad was 224.137 kg/day. Per capita and the average generation rate of each dentistry center were 106.32 g/day-patient and 5603 g/day, respectively. Potential infectious, domestic-type, chemical & pharmaceutical, and toxic wastes consisted of 41.24, 44.17, 9.89, and 4.7% of the waste generated, respectively. Conclusion: The per capita waste generation in dental clinics in Mashhad is high and the highest share are related to infectious and domestic-type wastes

Removal of Remazol Black B Dye by Electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant and Natural Adsorbent

Coloured discharge effluent into aquatic ecosystems may be carcinogenic and mutagenic besides aesthetic problems. In this work, the ability to remove (Remazol Black B) coloured water using electrocoagulation process is equipped with iron and aluminium electrodes with bentonite as a coagulant aid and natural adsorbent has been investigated. Remazol Black B was selected as a model dye and the treatment process was performed in a batch of electrocoagulation (EC) cell using iron and aluminium electrodes and bentonite. Experiments were conducted at 5 levels of various operational parameters at bench scale. The initial dye concentration was varied between 200-1200mg/L, pH ranging from 2-10; the retention time was between 0-60 minutes, the voltage studied was in the range of 5-30 V and the electrical conductivity was 0.25 to 2 Siemens/cm. Results showed that the use of electro-Aluminum and Iron, under optimum conditions of pH 2 and 4, the concentration of dye1000mg/L, the voltage of 30V and 30 min have the maximum dye removal of about 99% and 91%, respectively. Results showed that both electrode voltages increase the efficiency of the above process in paint removal with decreasing pH from 10 to 2 and increasing the voltage from 5 to 30 V. Results show that by electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant could be used as well as an effective method for dye removal from colored wastewater

Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients in Mashhad, Iran : a retrospective study and review of literatures

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily a disease that mainly occurs in males in their sixth and seventh decades of life and is rare in young adults. Study Design: In this retrospective study, records of patients under the age of 40, with the diagnosis of OSCC in the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental Faculty during the past 13 years were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data, demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, risk factors, familial history were assessed and applicable studies and case reports in the literatures were reviewed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis was also done for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: From 158 cases of OSCC diagnosed in our centre, 21 patients were younger than 40 years. Most of them were young men (12 cases). There was no significant risk factor in this group. The most common site of involvement was the tongue. The most common clinical presentation was exophytic lesion with ulcer. No HPV DNA was detected in these patients. Conclusion: Characteristics of OSCC in young patients are different from older age group. Major risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption and HPV) were not etiologic factors for OSCC in young patients in our province. © Medicina Oral S. L

Removal of Remazol Black B Dye by Electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant and Natural Adsorbent

Coloured discharge effluent into aquatic ecosystems may be carcinogenic and mutagenic besides aesthetic problems. In this work, the ability to remove (Remazol Black B) coloured water using electrocoagulation process is equipped with iron and aluminium electrodes with bentonite as a coagulant aid and natural adsorbent has been investigated. Remazol Black B was selected as a model dye and the treatment process was performed in a batch of electrocoagulation (EC) cell using iron and aluminium electrodes and bentonite. Experiments were conducted at 5 levels of various operational parameters at bench scale. The initial dye concentration was varied between 200-1200mg/L, pH ranging from 2-10; the retention time was between 0-60 minutes, the voltage studied was in the range of 5-30 V and the electrical conductivity was 0.25 to 2 Siemens/cm. Results showed that the use of electro-Aluminum and Iron, under optimum conditions of pH 2 and 4, the concentration of dye1000mg/L, the voltage of 30V and 30 min have the maximum dye removal of about 99% and 91%, respectively. Results showed that both electrode voltages increase the efficiency of the above process in paint removal with decreasing pH from 10 to 2 and increasing the voltage from 5 to 30 V. Results show that by electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant could be used as well as an effective method for dye removal from colored wastewater

Oral ulcers among patients referred to oral medicine department of Mashhad Dental School in a period of 6 years

Introduction: Oral ulcers are one of the most common oral lesions and chief complaints of the patients referred to the Oral Medicine department. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of different etiologies of oral ulcers in oral medicine ward of Mashhad university of medical sciences Materials and Method: This retrospective and descriptive study was conducted on 294 patients referred to the oral medicine ward of Mashhad dental school between 2002 and 2007 due to oral ulcers. Required data were collected from medical records of patients and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Aphthous ulcers were the most common oral ulcers (27.9%). Oral ulcers were more prevalent in females. Tongue was the most common site involved (44.21) and oral ulcers were most prevalent between the ages 21-40. Multiple ulcers were more common (76%). Conclusion: Oral ulcers are among the most common complaints of patients referred to the Oral Medicine department. Due to geographic variations, epidemiologic studies can be helpful in diagnosis of these lesions

Common echocardiography findings in pretransplant dialysis patients and their associations

SummaryBackground/PurposeAbnormality in cardiac structure and function is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of different abnormal echocardiographic findings in CKD patients and find their associated factors.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nephrology and Dialysis Department of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A total number of 1354 kidney transplant candidates between the years 2000 and 2010 were included. Association between variables was assessed by Chi-square test and Student t test. We analyzed our data using multivariate logistic and linear regression when appropriate.ResultsLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH; 47.5%) was the most common finding in this study, followed by left atrial enlargement (43.7%), diastolic dysfunction (25.4%), left ventricular end diastolic dilation (23.1%), and systolic dysfunction (18.5%), in order of frequency. Older age was associated with abnormality in all echocardiographic indexes. Male gender was associated with LVH and systolic dysfunction. We found an association between a longer duration since CKD diagnosis and LVH. Left ventricular end diastolic dilation, left atrial enlargement, and diastolic dysfunction were associated with a longer duration of dialysis. Anemia was associated with all echocardiographic abnormalities except diastolic dysfunction. Hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia were associated with only left atrial enlargement and left ventricular end diastolic dilation, respectively. Patients on peritoneal dialysis had a lower prevalence of left atrial enlargement and left ventricular end diastolic dilation.ConclusionDifferent echocardiographic abnormalities, especially LVH, are prevalent among CKD patients. Traditional risk factors, such as age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and uremia-related risk factors, such as anemia and hypoalbuminemia, are associated with an increase in the prevalence of these abnormalities.背景：心臟結構及功能異常在慢性腎病患者 (CKD) 間相當常見，本研究旨在調查 CKD 患者間心臟超音波異常表現的盛行狀況及其中的相關因子。方法：這是伊朗設拉子醫學大學腎臟醫學與透析部的一項回溯性橫斷研究，納入 2000 至 2010 年間共 1354 位移植候選者，並採用卡方檢定及 Student's t test 以檢定各變項間的關聯性。結果：最常見的發現依序有：左心室肥大 (LVH) (47.5%)、左心房擴大 (43.7%)、舒張功能障礙 (25.4%)、左心室舒張末擴張 (23.1%)、及收縮功能障礙 (18.5%)。所有心臟超音波指標的異常均與年老有關，其中 LVH 及收縮功能障礙與男性性別有關。我們亦發現 LVH 與 CKD 診斷後的較長時間有關；左心室舒張末擴張、左心房擴大、及舒張功能障礙則與較長的透析時間有關。除了舒張功能障礙之外，貧血與所有的心臟超音波異常均有關。低白蛋白血症及低鈣血症，則分別僅與左心房擴大及左心室舒張末擴張有關。在正接受腹膜透析的病人間，左心房擴大及左心室舒張末擴張的盛行率均較低。結論：心臟超音波指標異常特別是 LVH 在 CKD 患者間相當常見，它們的出現與傳統的危險因子有關，例如年齡、糖尿病、及高血壓；及尿毒症的相關危險因子如貧血及低白蛋白血症

Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in hemodialysis patients using IIEF questionnaire

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to attain or maintain an erec-tion sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. This cross-sectional study was conducted on pa-tients on hemodialysis (HD) in Shiraz, Iran, using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction questionnaire for determination of the frequency and severity of ED in these patients. We used the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson′s correlation coefficient tests for statis-tical analysis. A total of 73 patients were enrolled into this study. The mean score of ED was 10.3 ± 6.3 (total score 25). The prevalence of ED of various degrees was 87.7%. There was a signi-ficant correlation between different degrees of ED and age (P = 0.002); it was significantly higher in patients older than 50 years (P = 0.005). Also, ED was more common in patients whose Kt/V was <1.2 (P = 0.04). Our study suggests that ED is a major health concern in patients on HD. Improvement of ED may improve their quality of life. Our results can give the basic data for future research in this field