Evaluation of the trend of temperature changes and cloud water fraction in Iran using time series data from SEVIRI sensor products

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of temporal and spatial changes in cloud temperature and cloud water fraction in Iran. To achieve this goal, MSG SEVIRI satellite products have been used for the period 2004 to 2017. First, the studied data was set in a regular geographical network with dimensions of 290×380. Then the cloud properties were extracted separately for each month and finally, the time changes of the cloud properties were modeled. To accurately assess the changes in variables, Iran was spatially defined into four separate regions. Based on statistical methods, the trend of time changes was examined through the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope to reveal the existence of a trend. The results of calculations of indicators showed that water fraction and cloud temperature in Iran, except in May and September, was upward. The highest significant value in the cloud water fraction variable can be seen in June in southern Iran and the lowest in May. Percentage study of the trend showed that the highest significant amount of cloud temperature in June in southern Iran was the lowest in the month. According to the calculations, the lowest amount of cloud water fraction in Iran is located to the north of the country with 25% and the highest amount is located to the west of Iran with 41.6%. Also, concerning high cloud temperatures, southern Iran with 58.3% has the highest amount, and eastern Iran with 25% upward data. The maximum significant percentage of series in the cloud temperature trend in western Iran was 70.83% and the minimum in the south was 45.83%

Human error and physicians' civil responsibility: a cross-sectional study in Bushehr hospitals

Background:  Medical errors are one of the issues related to civil liability. Medical error is either an unintended action that occurs due to negligence or an operation that does not lead to the desired medical results. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between human error and physicians' civil responsibility in Bushehr hospitals. Methodology: This study was applied research which was conducted using a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research consisted of physicians and nurses working at Bushehr hospitals. Out of the population, 140 individuals were selected using a convenient random sampling technique. An eighteen-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha test was higher than 0.7 for the components under study. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to analyze the distribution of data. Result: There was a direct and significant relationship between nurses' negligence, surgeons' diagnosis failure, factors such as lack of effective communications between the medical staff at the time of delivering the patient to the operating room and other equipment-related errors, nurses' and patients' fatigue (P< 5% for all). Conclusion: Increase in factors like Nurses' negligence and surgeons' diagnosis failure, Lack of effective communications between the medical staff at the time of delivering the patient to the operating room, lack of patient briefing, other equipment-related errors and Nurses' fatigue, would lead to an increase in the severity of medical errors

A Comparison of Bacteriological Culture, Serology, and Quantitative PCR for Detecting Brucellosis in Ewes with a History of Abortion

The zoonotic disease brucellosis is a serious public health and livestock industry concern. In the present study, we used bacteriological culture, RBT, and qPCR to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in the serum and milk samples of sheep with a history of abortion. Serum and milk samples were obtained from 100 sheep aged 3-5 years. In order to determine the prevalence of brucellosis, a modified RBT was performed on serum samples, Brucella was isolated from milk by bacteriological culture, and qPCR was applied to detect bacterial DNA in milk. The prevalence of brucellosis using modified RBT, bacteriological culture, and qPCR was 32%, 42%, and 44%, respectively. By considering qPCR as the standard, modified RBT showed a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, an accuracy of 98%, a PV+ of 100%, and a PV- of 97%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PV+, and PV- for bacteriological culture were 77%, 100%, 90%, 100%, and 85%, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and modified RBT was 0.959 (95% CI: 0.896-1), between qPCR and bacteriological culture was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.667-0.897), and between modified RBT and bacteriological culture was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.709-0.38). Based on the results, bacterial isolation from sheep milk is not recommended except in specific cases due to its low sensitivity, as well as its time-consuming and hazardous nature. However, the modified RBT can be used as a routine method because of its cost-effectiveness, higher sensitivity, and higher accuracy compared to bacterial isolation. Moreover, qPCR is recommended as the gold standard test for detecting brucellosis in sheep milk, especially in those with a history of abortion

Effect of Novel Zein Coating Combined with Different Antioxidants (Thymol and Carvacrol) on the Aflatoxin Production of Peanut

Introduction: Aflatoxin contamination of agricultural crops leads to health hazards and detrimental to the economy. Despite enhanced processing, handling and storage, it remains an issue in the peanut industry. An effort was made to investigate the efficacy of corn zein coating combined with thymol and carvacrol as the edible coating may extend aflatoxinproduction. Methods: Analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2 and total were performed for 11 treatments on coated and uncoated peanuts stored at room temperature for 90 days. Treatments were included zein, thymol (500, 1000, 1500 ppm), carvacrol (5000, 10000, 15000 ppm), incorporating thymol and carvacrol at three different concentrations and control. Results: Significant differences between coated and uncoated treatments were observed (

Modeling employees' skills for sustainable banking services

In Bangladesh, more clarity is needed on data that could contribute to the provision of sustainable banking services. Therefore, the qualitative exploration of bank employees' skills to advance contemporary banking careers and services has been rational. Moreover, limited knowledge of what constitutes a sustainable banking career and service inspires this study to adapt to the new normal post-COVID-19. Fifteen experienced employees from the banking industry participated in the interview to accomplish the research. The results from content data analysis showed that technical skills may vary from department to department based on employees' job responsibilities. However, the employee skills are more or less similar for different banks. The results further showed that the banking sector emphasizes the need for honesty from banks' employees, as they maintain a large amount of cash and other types of assets in their vaults. Additionally, the research participants expressed their sentiments regarding other skills, such as patience, smartness, and technological expertise. These skills are needed to carry out the day-to-day operations and achieve high customer satisfaction. Therefore, the study recommends that banks focus on creating an employee base with the skills found in the investigation to develop banking services

Endovascular repair of traumatic thoracic aortic injury: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery

The Society for Vascular Surgery pursued development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of traumatic thoracic aortic injuries with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. In formulating clinical practice guidelines, the Society selected a panel of experts and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. They used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methods (GRADE) to develop and present their recommendations. The systematic review included 7768 patients from 139 studies. The mortality rate was significantly lower in patients who underwent endovascular repair, followed by open repair, and nonoperative management (9%, 19%, and 46%, respectively, < .01). Based on the overall very low quality of evidence, the committee suggests that endovascular repair of thoracic aortic transection is associated with better survival and decreased risk of spinal cord ischemia, renal injury, graft, and systemic infections compared with open repair or nonoperative management (Grade 2, Level C). The committee was also surveyed on a variety of issues that were not specifically addressed by the meta-analysis. On these select matters, the majority opinions of the committee suggest urgent repair following stabilization of other injuries, observation of minimal aortic defects, selective (vs routine) revascularization in cases of left subclavian artery coverage, and that spinal drainage is not routinely required in these cases

Characterisation and pattern of culling in Holstein-Friesian dairy herds in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeast of Iran

AbstractTo describe proportion and pattern of culling in commercial dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi Province, this survey was carried out from 21st March 2008 to 20th March 2009 in 15 industrialized dairy herds. For each culled cow data related to parity at culling, last calving to culling interval and primary reason for culling were recorded. Annual herd exit rate was 20.9%. Out of a total of 652 culled cows, the proportions of culled dairy cows were due mainly to involuntary culling with very small proportion of voluntary culling (4%). The involuntary culling were mainly from infertility or reproductive disorders (23.6%), udder disorders (17.5%) and digestive tract disorders (15.9%). Average ± SD of parity at culling was 3.15 ± 1.96. Culled cows from digestive tract disorders, injuries and infectious diseases were significantly younger than those of other culling reasons (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD of last calving to culling interval was 194 ± 159 days. Culled cows from digestive tract disorders, injuries and udder disorders were removed earlier in lactation period than cows culled from reproductive disorders, infectious diseases and lameness (P < 0.05). Low proportion of voluntary and high percentage of involuntary culling specially from health problems should be considered as an important economic loss and precaution measures are necessary to reduce this loss

Motivational Factors Affecting Educational Performance from the Point of View of Faculty Members

Background: Human beings behavior and activities are the result of their needs and motives. Managers by recognizing and predicting these items and on time satisfaction of them can benefit from the work force in achieving organizational goals more efficiently. Objective: To determine motivational factors affecting educational performance from the point of view of faculty members in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Methods: All faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (308 ones) were participated in this descriptive study. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire confirmed in regard to validity and reliability. Results: According to the obtained results, male faculty members (85.6%) and those over 40 years old (54.5%) had the highest percents. In regard to the academic rank, the highest percent was related to instructors (43.7%) and assistant professors (43.7%). Those with 11- 20 years job experience had the highest percent (42.4%). In external motives, the highest mean scores were related to “availability of conditions for improving the level of knowledge and information (X= 4.40, SD= 0.62)” and “job security (X=4.55, SD= 0.69)” and in internal motives “inherent interest in teaching (X= 4.55, SD= 0.69)” and “being orderly (X= 4.40, SD= 0.79)” had the highest percents. Conclusion: External and internal motives both affect the performance of faculty members and consequently the quality of academic activities in universities Keywords: Motivation Factors, Performance, Faculty Member, Points of view

Attitude and Opinion of Parents about Sex Education of Adolescents and Its Contents in Kerman

Introduction: Sexuality is a factor that is influenced by and cultural norms and rules, and these rules and norms determine acceptable behaviors in any culture. Variations of cultures existing in the world produce considerable variety in sexual norms and extensive spectrum of values and beliefs in this regards. Methods: This descriptive study was done to determine the attitude of Kermaninan parents toward sex education for adolescents and their opinion about its contents of sex education for adolescents. The sample of study was 275 couples selected by cluster sampling method form 5 city regions. In this study, a research- made questionnaire was used for data collection after determining suitable validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by using central and tendency indexes, ANOVA, t. test and Post Hoc tests (Fisher, Tukey). Results: Findings showed that on comparing attitude of both parents, there was a significant difference only in two items (14, 16). Mean 42.57± 5/9 in husbands and 43/71± 9/56 in wives attitude score. In regard to the contents of sex education, the least important item, according to both men and women, with a slight significant diference atitued approximately 50% of the total score. This finding shows that parents have no positive attitude towards sex education for adolescents. Comparing men and women in regard to their opinions about the contents of sex education, showed no significant difference between them. In regard to the items emphasized by both parents as necessary items to the items emphasized by both parents as necessary items in sex education, the results were similar. Conclusion: Considering the results and importance of sexual health as claimed by WHO, we should promote knowledge and attitude of the community towards sex education