Comparesion the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell using numerical methods

For a research problem: as a single-diode model (electrical circuit) is difficult to discover the precise answer to employing analytical approaches, develop and compute the electrical parameters of the PV cell roughly using numerical algorithms. Therefore, the goal of this work is to create an algorithm that aids in the approximate solution of the electrical parameters of solar cells. Three methods have been proposed for these calculations, each of which has a quicker calculation time and a higher level of accuracy. By streamlining the calculation process, the proposed method solves the problems of complexity and precision. The I-V and P-V characteristic curves of solar cells can then be utilized to compare the efficacy of the tested methods. In addition, the analysis of root mean square error indicates that the proposed method is more applicable than alternative methods. In fact, this extraction procedure can be regarded as an efficient and precise method for estimating the single diode model parameters of solar cells. The results indicate that this precise and effective strategy can play an important role in the retrieval of single diode model parameters. In fact, the method proposed in this paper makes numerically implementing parameter models in technology simpler. In addition, it provides an optimization suggestion for the production of solar cell

Standard deviation of recurrence times for piecewise linear transformations

This paper is concerned with dynamical systems of the form (X,f) where X is a bounded interval and f comes from a class of measure-preserving, piecewise linear transformations on X. If A⊆X is a Borel set and x∈A, the Poincaré recurrence time of x relative to A is defined to be the minimum of {n:n∈Nandfn(x)∈A}, if the minimum exists, and ∞ otherwise. The mean of the recurrence time is finite and is given by Kac\u27s recurrence formula. In general, the standard deviation of the recurrence times need not be finite but, for the systems considered here, a bound for the standard deviation is derived

The Effects of Heat Treating Process Parameters on the Hardness of a Martensitic Stainless Steel

This research examines the effect of different austenitizing and stress relieving temperatures on the grain size and hardness of martensitic stainless steel. A grade 420 stainless steel with controlled carbon content was examined. Samples were austenitized at four different temperatures ranges from 1800F to 1900F. The samples were quenched with nitrogen gas and stress relieved to a range from 400F to 600F in increments of 50F and held for one hour. Both ASM and ASTM standards were used to measure the hardness and the grain size. The results indicate that the grain size and hardness increase as austenitizing temperature increases. However, the hardness decreases as stress relieving temperature increases at any austenitizing temperature.

The role of mutual funds and noninterest income activities on bank profitability and risk in Malaysia

Over recent years, banks have faced many challenges imposed by the new operating environment. As a result, banks have developed new products and created new forms of intermediation and other fee-based activities, and traditional business - making loans and funding them by issuing short-dated deposits - has decreased. Many banks have entered the mutual funds industry as a means for retaining customers, increasing fee income and diversifying their operations. The purpose for conducting this study was to contribute positively to the development and utilisation of non-interest income and mutual funds activities by providing the results of an analysis of their impact on bank performance and risk. The research reported on in this thesis was carried out for the years 2003 to 2012 by analysing the annual reports and financial statements of up to 30 banks, including both Islamic and conventional banks, in Malaysia to determine the role of non-interest income and mutual funds and their impact on bank's performance and associated risks. The study analysed the impact of the global financial crisis on directions of internal and external variables. This has resulted in useful insights about the effect of non-interest income, mutual funds and other variables on the performance of banks, and on risks before and after the GFC

Modified optimal auxiliary functions method for approximate-analytical solutions in fractional order nonlinear Foam Drainage equations

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Recommendations for the Classroom Technology and Layout at WPI

The Academic Technology Center (ATC) at WPI replaces the technology in each classroom every five years. The goal of this project, sponsored by the ATC, was to determine how current classroom technology could be improved to enhance the teaching and learning experience. Using interviews and surveys we gathered both qualitative and quantitative information from more than 140 faculty members and 550 students. Based on those findings, we formulated recommendations that include increasing the size of the podium tops and moving the projector screen to maximize board space