Framework for Product Lifecycle Management integration in Small and Medium Enterprises networks

In order to improve the performance of extended enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must be integrated into the extended networks. This integration must be carried out on several levels which are mastered by the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). But, PLM is underdeveloped in SMEs mainly because of the difficulties in implementing information systems. This paper aims to propose a modeling framework to facilitate the implementation of PLM systems in SMEs. Our approach proposes a generic model for the creation of processes and data models. These models are explained, based on the scope and framework of the modeling, in order to highlight the improvements provided

L'Effet de l'Âge sur la Distribution des Salaires

International audienceThe distribution of wages varies with workers' age. In this article we present the principles which allow to build a model able to explain this evolution. This model is based on the search model developed by Burdett and Mortensen (1998). It considers two age groups, the juniors and the seniors and takes into account three channels of wage evolution: the job-to-job mobility, the evolution of the balance of power, and the human capital accumulation. Using US data, we show that these three channels allow to reproduce quite well the aggregated wage distribution as well as the evolution of it over the workers life-cycle. The channels of job-to-job mobility and the evolution of the balance of power account for the lower density of low wages in the seniors' wage distribution and the human capital accumulation for the lower density of very high wages in the juniors' wage distribution.La distribution des salaires varie avec l'âge des travailleurs. Dans cet article, nous présentons les principes permettant de construire un modèle en mesure d'expliquer cette évolution. Fondé sur le cadre théorique de Burdett et Mortensen (1998), ce modèle considère deux périodes de vie, celle des juniors et celle des seniors. Il prends en compte trois canaux d'évolution des salaires : la mobilité professionnelle ascendante, l'évolution du rapport de force, et l'accumulation de capital humain. Sur données Américaines, nous montrons que ces trois canaux permettent de reproduire en même temps la distribution agrégée des salaires ainsi que son évolution au cours du cycle de vie des travailleurs. Les deux premiers canaux permettent d'expliquer la baisse du nombre des bas salaires avec l'âge. L'accumulation de capital humain, elle, explique pourquoi les seniors détiennent la majorité des très hauts salaires

Generic PLM system for SMEs: Application to an equipment manufacturer

For several years, digital engineering has increasingly taken a more important place in the strategic issues of mechanical engineering companies. Our proposition is an approach that enables technical data to be managed and used throughout the product life-cycle. This approach aims to provide assistance for costing, development and industrialization of the product, and for the capitalization, the reuse and the extension of fundamental knowledge. This approach has been experimented within several companies. This paper presents the case in a company environment that designs and produces families of ship equipment parts

An economic analysis of the production of hydrogen from wind-generated electricity for use in transport applications

Wind-generated electricity is often considered a particularly promising option for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources. However, the economic performances of such systems generally remain unclear because of unspecified or favorable assumptions and operating conditions. The aim of this paper is to clarify these conditions by examining how the hydrogen produced is used. The analysis that has been conducted in the framework of the HyFrance 3 project concerns hydrogen for transport applications. Different technical systems are considered such as motorway hydrogen filling stations, Hythane®-fueled buses or second-generation biofuels production, which present contrasted hydrogen use characteristics. This analysis reveals considerable variations in hydrogen production costs depending on the demand profiles concerned, with the most favorable configurations being those in which storage systems are kept to a minimum.wind power ; hydrogen production

Etude de la liaison interfaciale fibre de lin/acide poly(L-lactique) = Study of interfacial bonding of Flax fibre/Poly(L-lactide)

National audienceL'utilisation de matériaux composites à matrice Polyester renforcés par des fibres de verre soulève de plus en plus de questions tant au niveau sanitaire qu'environnementale. Une alternative consiste à développer des composites entièrement bio-basé, recyclables en fin d'usage [1] et biocompostables en fin de vie [2], avec des propriétés mécaniques élevées [1, 3] et un impact environnementale faible. Peu de travaux décrivent les propriétés de la zone interfaciale de biocomposites alors que l'amélioration des performances mécaniques demande une meilleure compréhension de cette zone. Ainsi ce travail décrit la caractérisation interfaciale à l'échelle microscopique d'un système Fibre de lin/Poly(lactique) acide à l'aide du test de déchaussement de microgoutte. Différents traitements thermiques (refroidissement et recuit) sont réalisés afin de mieux cerner l'influence de la morphologie de la matrice et des contraintes résiduelles sur les propriétés interfaciales. Différents modèles micromécaniques sont utilisés pour évaluer la résistance de l'interface au cisaillement. Lorsque le refroidissement est lent, une amélioration des propriétés est observée Celle-ci est provoquée par une cristallisation importante ainsi que par la présence d'une phase transcristalline. Un recuit du PLLA (refroidit à l'air et donc quasi amorphe) est réalisé en dessous de sa température de transition vitreuse. Les contraintes internes résiduelles sont ainsi relaxées provoquant alors une diminution nette des propriétés de l'interface

Macroscopic Analysis of Interfacial properties of Flax/PLLA biocomposites

International audienceThis study presents results from a study of the mechanical behaviour of flax reinforced Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA) under in-plane shear and mode I interlaminar fracture testing. Slow cooling of the unreinforced polymer has been shown to develop crystalline structure, causing improvement in matrix strength and modulus but a drop in toughness. The in-plane shear properties of the composite also drop for the slowest cooling rate, the best combination of in-plane shear performance and delamination resistance is noted for an intermediate cooling rate, (15.5°C/min). The values of G obtained at this cooling rate are higher than those for equivalent glass/polyester composites. These macro-scale results have been correlated with microdroplet interface debonding and matrix characterization measurements from a previous study. The composite performance is dominated by the matrix rather than the interface

An economic analysis of the production of hydrogen from wind-generated electricity for use in transport applications

International audienceWind-generated electricity is often considered a particularly promising option for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources. However, the economic performances of such systems generally remain unclear because of unspecified or favorable assumptions and operating conditions. The aim of this paper is to clarify these conditions by examining how the hydrogen produced is used. The analysis that has been conducted in the framework of the HyFrance 3 project concerns hydrogen for transport applications. Different technical systems are considered such as motorway hydrogen filling stations, Hythane®-fueled buses or second-generation biofuels production, which present contrasted hydrogen use characteristics. This analysis reveals considerable variations in hydrogen production costs depending on the demand profiles concerned, with the most favorable configurations being those in which storage systems are kept to a minimum

Une analyse économique de la production d'hydrogène à partir d'électricité éolienne pour des usages transport

National audienceL'électricité d'origine éolienne est souvent considérée comme une option particulièrement prometteuse pour la production d'hydrogène à partir d'énergies renouvelables mais les conditions économiques de cette production restent généralement assez floues. L'objet de ce papier est d'expliciter ces conditions en précisant les conditions d'utilisation de l'hydrogène produit. Les analyses présentées ici pour les usages transport font apparaître une grande variabilité des coûts de production de l'hydrogène selon les profils de demande considérés avec un net avantage pour les configurations limitant au maximum le recours à des dispositifs de stockage