21,004,084 research outputs found
Auxiliary selection and counterfactuality in the history of English and Germanic
The retreat of BE as perfect auxiliary in the history of English is examined. Corpus data are presented showing that the initial advance of HAVE was most closely connected to a restriction against BE in past counterfactuals. Other factors which have been reported to favor the spread of HAVE are either dependent on the counterfactual effect, or significantly weaker in comparison. It is argued that the effect can be traced to the semantics of the BE perfect, which denoted resultativity rather than anteriority proper. Related data from other older Germanic and Romance languages are presented, and finally implications for existing theories of auxiliary selection stemming from the findings presented are discussed
Syntacticizing blends : the case of English wh-raising
This paper aims at analysing English structures in which a wh-moved subject triggers agreement both in the clause it is extracted from and in the immediately higher clause. This pattern is only accepted by some native speakers, and it is also attested in corpora. Although the relevant structures could at first sight be analysed as extragrammatical âblendsâ, we propose that they are in fact part of certain speakersâ linguistic competence, and hence generated by the grammar of those speakers. Adopting the approach to subject extraction developed in Rizzi & Shlonsky (2007), we suggest that extracted subjects can exceptionally be âhyperactiveâ (Carstens 2011), and thus take part in A-relations (case and agreement) in more than one clausal domai
The True Destination of EGO is Multi-local Optimization
Efficient global optimization is a popular algorithm for the optimization of
expensive multimodal black-box functions. One important reason for its
popularity is its theoretical foundation of global convergence. However, as the
budgets in expensive optimization are very small, the asymptotic properties
only play a minor role and the algorithm sometimes comes off badly in
experimental comparisons. Many alternative variants have therefore been
proposed over the years. In this work, we show experimentally that the
algorithm instead has its strength in a setting where multiple optima are to be
identified
Single breath-hold 3D measurement of left atrial volume using compressed sensing cardiovascular magnetic resonance and a non-model-based reconstruction approach
Background:Left atrial (LA) dilatation is associated with a large variety of cardiac diseases. Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) strategies to measure LA volumes are based on multi-breath-hold multi-slice acquisitions, which are time-consuming and susceptible to misregistration.Aim:To develop a time-efficient single breath-hold 3D CMR acquisition and reconstruction method to precisely measure LA volumes and function.Methods:A highly accelerated compressed-sensing multi-slice cine sequence (CS-cineCMR) was combined with a non-model-based 3D reconstruction method to measure LA volumes with high temporal and spatial resolution during a single breath-hold. This approach was validated in LA phantoms of different shapes and applied in 3 patients. In addition, the influence of slice orientations on accuracy was evaluated in the LA phantoms for the new approach in comparison with a conventional model-based biplane area-length reconstruction. As a reference in patients, a self-navigated high-resolution whole-heart 3D dataset (3D-HR-CMR) was acquired during mid-diastole to yield accurate LA volumes.Results:Phantom studies. LA volumes were accurately measured by CS-cineCMR with a mean difference of â4.73â±â1.75 ml (â8.67â±â3.54 %, rÂČâ=â0.94). For the new method the calculated volumes were not significantly different when different orientations of the CS-cineCMR slices were applied to cover the LA phantoms. Long-axis âalignedâ vs ânot alignedâ with the phantom long-axis yielded similar differences vs the reference volume (â4.87â±â1.73 ml vs â4.45â±â1.97 ml, pâ=â0.67) and short-axis âperpendicularâ vs ânot-perpendicularâ with the LA long-axis (â4.72â±â1.66 ml vs â4.75â±â2.13 ml; pâ=â0.98). The conventional bi-plane area-length method was susceptible for slice orientations (pâ=â0.0085 for the interaction of âslice orientationâ and âreconstruction techniqueâ, 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures). To use the 3D-HR-CMR as the reference for LA volumes in patients, it was validated in the LA phantoms (mean difference: â1.37â±â1.35 ml, â2.38â±â2.44 %, rÂČâ=â0.97). Patient study: The CS-cineCMR LA volumes of the mid-diastolic frame matched closely with the reference LA volume (measured by 3D-HR-CMR) with a difference of â2.66â±â6.5 ml (3.0 % underestimation; true LA volumes: 63 ml, 62 ml, and 395 ml). Finally, a high intra- and inter-observer agreement for maximal and minimal LA volume measurement is also shown.Conclusions:The proposed method combines a highly accelerated single-breathhold compressed-sensing multi-slice CMR technique with a non-model-based 3D reconstruction to accurately and reproducibly measure LA volumes and function
L'hygiĂšne des mains: oĂč en sommes-nous aujourd'hui ? : travail de Bachelor
Contexte LâhygiĂšne des mains est devenue sous lâimpulsion de la campagne de lâOrganisation Mondiale de la SantĂ© (OMS) un concept majeur de la sĂ©curitĂ© des patients. Avec la publication de la stratĂ©gie multimodale en 2010 opĂ©rer au sein des Ă©tablissements de soins les changements de pratique devrait ĂȘtre plus facilitĂ©. Objectifs Nous proposons Ă travers une revue de la littĂ©rature les facteurs favorisant le changement de pratique de lâhygiĂšne des mains avec la mise en oeuvre de la stratĂ©gie multimodale de lâOMS. MĂ©thode Nous avons conduit une revue de la littĂ©rature dans les bases de donnĂ©es Pubmed, Cinhal sur les quatorze derniĂšres annĂ©es. RĂ©sultats Nous avons retenu 10 articles de recherche. Ces derniers ont dĂ©montrĂ© trois rĂ©sultats significatifs. Le premier, concernant le taux dâobservance de lâhygiĂšne des mains grĂące Ă la mise en place dâune structure multimodale calquĂ©e sur celle lâOMS. Le second, examine la mise en place dâun outil dâĂ©valuation de cette structure. Le dernier, observe lâaugmentation de la durĂ©e du taux dâobservance grĂące Ă lâajout de la notion de leadership au sein dâune structure multimodale. Perspectives Lâincorporation de la notion de leadership et dâun rappel des 5 outils de la structure multimodale pourraient augmenter le taux dâobservance dâhygiĂšne des mains sur un plus long terme
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