Effect of variation of parameters on biogas production using Aspen Plus & Dynamic Simulation using Mimic

Design and management for Biogas production have gained significance in growing dependency on Renewable energy resources. This would need a detailed information on steady state and dynamic behavior of systems. In order to make this process environmentally ecofriendly, its needs a lot of improvisation on process simulation. Anaerobic digestion helps treat this inefficient water to be converted into water fit for effluent purposes. Byproducts contain consists of organic, inorganic and wastes which lead to a high COD content and thus, cannot be discarded into the outlets. The anaerobic digestion process. A study of these effects with simulation need to be validated against experimental results. A dynamic model has been simulated for operator training purposes and thus, real plant has been modeled using Mimic --Abstract, page iv

Silencing of toxic gene expression by Fis

Bacteria and bacteriophages have evolved DNA modification as a strategy to protect their genomes. Mom protein of bacteriophage Mu modifies the phage DNA, rendering it refractile to numerous restriction enzymes and in turn enabling the phage to successfully invade a variety of hosts. A strong fortification, a combined activity of the phage and host factors, prevents untimely expression of mom and associated toxic effects. Here, we identify the bacterial chromatin architectural protein Fis as an additional player in this crowded regulatory cascade. Both in vivo and in vitro studies described here indicate that Fis acts as a transcriptional repressor of mom promoter. Further, our data shows that Fis mediates its repressive effect by denying access to RNA polymerase at mom promoter. We propose that a combined repressive effect of Fis and previously characterized negative regulatory factors could be responsible to keep the gene silenced most of the time. We thus present a new facet of Fis function in Mu biology. In addition to bringing about overall downregulation of Mu genome, it also ensures silencing of the advantageous but potentially lethal mom gene

Subnormal Vision in Uneventful Cataract Surgery after 6 Weeks – Hospital Based Study

Background: With accurate estimation of power of intraocular lens (IOL), uncomplicated cataract surgery and uneventful post operative period, the implant is capable of providing a visual acuity of 6/6 and a normal field of vision. However, post operative results are not always according to the expectations. This study is an attempt to find out causes of subnormal vision post uneventful cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens by various surgical techniques in Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India. Aims and Objectives: To study the incidence of subnormal vision in patients who have undergone uneventful cataract surgery with posterior chamber IOL implant and relation between the type of surgery and IOL used and its effect on the subnormal vision post operatively, in Krishna Hospital. Material and Methods: 185 patients among 1230 who underwent uneventful cataract surgery were diagnosed to have sub-normal vision in our study, over the period of 18 months. All pseudophakic patients, who have undergone uneventful cataract surgery, with normal pre-operative assessment were included in the study. Diabetic and hypertensive patients without any maculopathy were also included. Patients with intra operative complications, traumatic cataract, complicated cataract and pre existing pathology were excluded. Result: Prevalence of sub-normal vision in our study was approximately 14.18%. Among all the causes of sub-normal vision, incidence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) was maximum, (80.87%). Incidence of PCO was least in foldable IOLs as compared to square edge and non square edge

A strong broadband 21 cm cosmological signal from dark matter spin-flip interactions

In the standard cosmology, it is believed that there are two weak and distinct band-limited absorption features, near 20 MHz ($z\sim70$) and 90 MHz ($z\sim15$) in the global cosmological 21 cm signal which are signatures of collisional gas dynamics in the cosmic dark ages and Lyman-$\alpha$ photons from the first stars at cosmic dawn, respectively. A similar prediction of two distinct band-limited, but stronger, absorption features is expected in models with excess gas cooling, which have been invoked to explain the anomalous EDGES signal. In this work, we explore a novel mechanism, where dark matter spin-flip interactions with electrons through a light axial-vector mediator could directly induce a 21 cm signal which is characteristically different from either of these. We find generically, that our model predicts a strong, broadband absorption signal extending from frequencies as low as 1.4 MHz ($z\sim1000$), from early in the cosmic dark ages where no conventional signal is expected, all the way up to 90 MHz, depending upon the epoch of star formation and X-ray heating. We find a rich set of spectral features that could be probed in current and future experiments looking for the global 21 cm signal. In standard cosmology and in excess gas cooling models the gas spin temperature as inferred from the absorption signal is a tracer of the gas kinetic temperature. However, in our model we find in certain regions of parameter space that the spin temperature and kinetic temperature of the gas evolve differently, and the absorption signal only measures the spin temperature evolution. Large swathes of our model parameter space of interest are safe from existing particle physics constraints, however future searches for short range spin-dependent forces between electrons on the millimeter to nanometer scale have the potential to discover the light mediator responsible for our predicted signal.Comment: 55 pages, 8 figure

Dichlorido(pyridine-κN)[2-(pyridinium-1-yl)acetato-κO]zinc(II)

In the title complex, [ZnCl2(C5H5N)(C7H7NO2)], the ZnII atom adopts a distorted tetra­hedral coordination geometry [the smallest angle being 105.22 (15)° and the widest angle being 115.60 (16)°] that is formed from one monodentate carboxyl­ate ligand, one pyridine ligand and two Cl atoms

Proposed Route to Cyclopenta[c]thiophenes via Activated Methylene

The synthesis of cyclopenta[c]thiophenes has been sparsely reported in the literature owing to several difficulties involved in their synthesis. The present work involves the proposed synthesis of cyclopenta[c]thiophenes and their precursors using activated methylene. Cyclopenta[c]thiophene compounds show promise in the field of polymer and catalysis chemistry. These substituted polythiophenes are potential organic semiconductors and anti-tumor agents. The research presented shows the successful and novel conversion of 3,4-bis(chloromethyl)-2,5-dimethylthiophene and 3,4-bis(bromomethyl)-2,5-dimethylthiophene to a fused 5,5\u27-fused membered ring which is the precursor to cyclopenta[c]thiophene the sulfone ester, 5-carbomethoxy-5- phenylsulfonyl-1,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene, in just two steps as compared to four steps previously reported in the literature. This valuable precursor intermediate currently made and proven by characterization is one synthetic step away from a substituted cyclopenta[c]thiophene. A paper has been submitted to Letters in Organic Chemistry to report our work

Bidirectional expansion for keyword search on graph databases

Relational, XML and HTML data can be represented as graphs with entities as nodes and relationships as edges. Text is associated with nodes and possibly edges. Keyword search on such graphs has received much attention lately. A central problem in this scenario is to efficiently extract from the data graph a small number of the "best" answer trees. A Backward Expanding search, starting at nodes matching keywords and working up toward confluent roots, is commonly used for predominantly text-driven queries. But it can perform poorly if some keywords match many nodes, or some node has very large degree. In this paper we propose a new search algorithm, Bidirectional Search, which improves on Backward Expanding search by allowing forward search from potential roots towards leaves. To exploit this flexibility, we devise a novel search frontier prioritization technique based on spreading activation. We present a performance study on real data, establishing that Bidirectional Search significantly outperforms Backward Expanding search

Neonatal Outcome in Caesarean Births for Unexplained Fetal Distress

Background: Appropriateness of caesarean section (CS) for foetal distress (FD) is proved by neonatal status at birth. Validity is known after intervention has been done, whether justified CS or not. It provides information about delays also.Objectives: Objectives were to know burden of CS for FD in women with no apparent risk factors, factors detected during CS, accuracy of diagnosis, whether really FD or false alarm.Material Methods: Five years records of births were analysed for knowing about CS for FD in women with no obvious risk factors, neither in history, nor clinical examination or day to day investigations which could have lead to diagnosis of FD. Approval of institute’s ethics committee was taken. Analysis of records of women who had CS (2121) performed for FD as primary indication, revealed that 38.15%, (809 of 2121 CS for FD), were study subjects, no risk factor.Clinical diagnosis of unexplained FD contributed to 10.6% of CS, 15.2% of emergency CS, 3.7% of births during study period. Details of CS, intra-operative findings, status of liquor amnii, placenta, umbilical cord vessels, status of baby at birth beyond were recorded.Results: Of 809 cases, 6 (0.8%) were teenagers, 569 (70.33%) of 20-24 yrs, 705 (87.14%) were primigravida, actually 95.67% were nullipara, highly significantly (P<0.01) more primigravida than over all 45% primigravida. 11.99%, (97 of 809) CS were performed at less than 34 weeks gestation. FD was diagnosed by any one or two or all three, nonstress test, moderate or thick meconium in liquor or persisting foetal tachycardia or bradycardia. NST recorded category – III (non reassuring foetal heart) in 395 (48.83%) women, in others 48.83% (395 of 809) it was moderate or thick meconium in liquor amnii, persistent foetal bradycardia, moderate (<100 bpm) or severe (<80 bpm) in 2.6%, (21 of 809), persisting foetal tachycardia (>180 bpm) in 6.18% (50 of 809). Baby was vigorous at birth in 353 (43.63%), 427 (52.78%) required NICU admission. Of them, 241 (56.44%) improved, survived, but 186 (43.56%) died, 29 (3.58%) were still born. Overall loss of 26.5% in CBs for FD is, a matter of concern.Conclusion: Many CS were performed in women without risk factors with diagnosis of FD. In quite a few it was proved that intervention was needed and also in some delayed too, but in some it seemed to be unwanted intervention. Studies are needed to search for non-conventional or unknown risk factors for FD, also for authentic modes of knowing non-reassuring foetal status. Once diagnosed it is essential to have best outcome by quick right, interventions

Ambient noise and neonatal hemodynamics - An observational cross-sectional study

Background: Previous studies reported numerous adverse effects of noise in the newborns such as increase in the heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency and drop in the oxygen saturation. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the effect of ambient noise levels in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the hemodynamics of neonates. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study which aimed at assessing the ambient noise levels in the NICU with a digital decibel meter and its effect on HR, respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation. A total of 105 neonates (both preterm and term) having stable cardiorespiratory status were enrolled in the study. Results: The mean noise level recorded in the NICU was 56.2 dB. The lowest noise level was recorded at 8 am, that is, 46 dB while the highest recorded level was at 2 pm, that is, 65 dB in different areas of the NICU. There was a statistically significant increase in the HR in relation to the noise levels at all times (p<0.0001). The RR also showed a significant rise in relation to the increase in noise level (p<0.0001 at 2 pm with maximum noise level). The oxygen saturation showed a negative correlation and a statistically significant drop at 2 pm when maximum noise level was recorded (p<0.0001). Changing shifts and more number of healthcare personnel were important factors contributing to increased noise levels at 2 pm. Conclusion: Noise levels of >56 dB affected the hemodynamics of the newborn. The maximum increase in the mean HR, RR, and drop in saturation was observed at 2 pm. Staff sensitization and attitude change are needed to decrease the noise pollution in NICU

4-(4-Methoxy­phen­yl)-1-phenyl­pyridine-2,6(1H,3H)-dione

In the title compound, C18H15NO3, the pyridine-2,6-dione ring adopts an envelope conformation. The phenyl ring lies approximately perpendicular to the mean plane of the pyridine-2,6-dione ring [dihedral angle = 81.5 (1)°], while the methoxy­phenyl ring is tilted to the same plane by a dihedral angle of 34.8 (1)°. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into chains along [100]