Paraoxonase responses to exercise and niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome

Our purpose was to characterize changes in paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and concentration after single aerobic exercise sessions conducted before and after 6 weeks of niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Twelve men with MetS expended 500 kcal by walking at 65% of VO2max before and after a 6-week regimen of niacin. Niacin doses were titrated by 500 mg/week from 500 to 1500 mg/day and maintained at 1500 mg/day for the last 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after each exercise session and analyzed for PON1 activity, PON1 concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), apolipoprotein A1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oLDL), lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations. PON1 activity, PON1 concentration, MPO, and oLDL were unaltered following the independent effects of exercise and niacin (P > 0.05 for all). High-density lipoprotein particle size decreased by 3% (P = 0.040) and concentrations of small very low-density lipoprotein increased (P = 0.016) following exercise. PON1 activity increased 6.1% (P = 0.037) and PON1 concentrations increased 11.3% (P = 0.015) with the combination of exercise and niacin. Exercise and niacin works synergistically to increase PON1 activity and concentration with little or no changes in lipoproteins or markers of lipid oxidation.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación Físic

Increased micronucleus frequency in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated blood cells of patients with vitiligo

Background Vitiligo is a relatively common, acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by areas of depigmented skin resulting from loss of melanocytes in the epidermis. Although several hypotheses have been proposed for the aetiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo, the cause of vitiligo remains unclear

Micronucleus evaluation in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of narrow-band (311 nm TL01) UVB-treated patients

Background: Narrow-band UVB (311 nm) lamps (TL01) are being increasingly used for phototherapy of psoriasis and other dermatoses, for their excellent effect compared with broad-band UVB sources and photochemotherapy. It is acknowledged that the TL01 lamp is probably two to three times more carcinogenic per minimum erythema dose than broad-band UVB, but the cumulative dose is considerably less than broadband UVB sources. Micronucleus (MN) test is used to detect both clastogenic (breaking) and aneugenic (abnormal segregation) effect of physical/chemical agents on chromosomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate MN frequencies in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of narrow-band UVB-treated patients

Investigation of genotoxic effect of ultrasound in cases receiving therapeutic ultrasound by using micronucleus method

In 1991, Miller et al. (1991) reported that therapeutic ultrasound (US) did not induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in patients whereas, in 1984, Stella et al. (1984) reported that each of 10 patients exposed to therapeutic US had a statistically significant increase in SCEs. The present study was planned to investigate if there was chromosomal damage resulting from therapeutic US by using a micronucleus (MN) method, and to counter the lack of reports in this area over the past 10 years. A total of 20 female volunteers were included in the study; 10 of them with low back pain (mechanical low back pain and facet syndrome) were treated with US and 10 healthy cases constituted the control group. Patients with low back pain received 10 sessions of US therapy at an intensity of 2 W/cm(2) and a frequency of 1 MHz for 10 min and patients in the control group received sham US therapy for 10 min. Peripheral blood taken before and after the fifth and tenth applications of US therapy was cultured for MN frequencies both for the treatment and the control groups. The scores of MN assessed before the therapy were compared with those at the end of the fifth session and the end of the tenth session in the treatment and the control groups. Pretreatment, end of the fifth session and end of the tenth session MN frequencies were compared between the treatment and the control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in MN frequencies between pretreatment and fifth session or pretreatment and tenth session in both groups. Nor was there any significant difference in the MN frequencies of the treatment and control groups between pretreatment, fifth session and tenth session evaluations. In conclusion, we observed that therapeutic US did not induce increases in MN frequency, which are a sign of cytogenetic damage. (E-mail: [email protected]) (C) 2004 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine Biology

NOR expression increases on metaphase chromosomes of Down syndrome lymphocytes in concordance with mitogen concentration in culture medium

Background: Regulation of nucleolus organizer region (NOR) expression in trisomy 21 (Down syndrome [DS] cells is not fully explained. This work compared NOR expression on metaphase chromosomes in gradiently stimulated lymphocytes from DS patients with those from healthy controls

Boron stress exposes differential antioxidant responses in maize cultivars (Zea mays L.)

Boron stress is largely influencing the growth and yield of crop plants all around the world. In this scenario, identification of the genotypes that are tolerant to boron stress, understanding the mechanisms behind the tolerance and their application in the breeding programs can open new pathways towards dealing with this global stress. Focusing on this, we compared the differences in the physiological and biochemical responses of two hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, boron tolerant RX 770 and boron susceptible TTM 8119. Both genotypes were subjected to four different B treatments, 0, 2.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1 B. Samples were collected before the application, after 5 days of treatments and 10 days of treatments. Root shoot lengths, dry weights, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated for different harvest periods. The aim of the study was to determine the role of antioxidant enzymes in providing tolerance to maize genotypes towards B stress. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the activity of SOD, APX, POX and GR enzymes may have a significant role in providing resistance to the maize cultivar RX 770 towards B toxicity, especially at the early stages of plant development. The comparison of the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the tolerant maize genotype with the susceptible one in the presence of the boron stress may provide deep understanding useful for the development of new B tolerant maize cultivars

Chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Introduction: Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are common tumours of the pituitary gland and are mainly considered as benign. The primary aim of this study was to research the effects of NFPA on genome instability in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay. The second objective of this study was to assess whether there is a relationship between age, pituitary adenoma diameters, 8-OHdG levels, CBMN site assay parameters, and tumour aggressiveness

Micronucleus evaluation in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of narrow-band (311 nm TL01) UVB-treated patients

Background: Narrow-band UVB (311 nm) lamps (TL01) are being increasingly used for phototherapy of psoriasis and other dermatoses, for their excellent effect compared with broad-band UVB sources and photochemotherapy. It is acknowledged that the TL01 lamp is probably two to three times more carcinogenic per minimum erythema dose than broad-band UVB, but the cumulative dose is considerably less than broadband UVB sources. Micronucleus (MN) test is used to detect both clastogenic (breaking) and aneugenic (abnormal segregation) effect of physical/chemical agents on chromosomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate MN frequencies in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of narrow-band UVB-treated patients

Increased micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud frequency and oxidative DNA damage associated with prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters in patients with prolactinoma

WOS: 000368552800008PubMed: 26720589Prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. Most pituitary tumors are benign, but they often are clinically significant. We investigated cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay parameters and oxidative DNA damage in patients with prolactinoma to assess the relations among age, prolactin level, pituitary adenoma diameter and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in patients with prolactinoma. We investigated 27 patients diagnosed with prolactinoma and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured CBMN cyt parameters and plasma 8-OHdG levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with prolactinoma and controls. The frequencies of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and plasma 8-OHdG levels in patients with prolactinoma were significantly greater than controls. MN frequency was correlated positively with age, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters in patients with prolactinoma. The increased chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage, and the positive correlation between MN frequency, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters may be associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with prolactinoma, because increased MN frequency is a predictor of cancer risk.Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Units [TSD-10-3327]This work was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Units (Project number: TSD-10-3327). N. B., H. D-A., F. B., I. C., Z. H., H. D., G. B., S. S. and A. C. D. designed and performed the experiments; N. B., H. D-A. and F. B. analyzed data and wrote the paper