5,5′-Bis(diethyl­amino)-2,2′-[2,2-di­methyl­propane-1,3-diylbis­(nitrilo­methylidyne)]diphenol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C27H40N4O2, comprises one mol­ecule of a potentially tetra­dentate Schiff base ligand. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 67.13 (10)°. Strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. One terminal methyl among the four diethyl­amino groups is disordered over two positions with the refined site occupancy ratio of 0.660 (7)/0.340 (7)

{2,2′-[(2,2-Dimethyl­propane-1,3-diyl­dinitrilo)­bis­(phenyl­methyl­idyne)]­diphenolato}nickel(II)

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [Ni(C31H28N2O2)], comprises two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. The geometry around the NiII atom in each mol­ecule is distorted square planar. The dihedral angles between the two phen­oxy rings in each mol­ecule are 17.8 (4) and 36.5 (4)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.758 (5) Å] and C—H⋯π inter­actions

The effect of aerobic exercise and barley β-glucan on blood glucose, body composition and blood pressure of diabetic women

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases with aging, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The aim of this study was to investigate the combinational effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise and barley β-glucan (BBG) on blood glucose, body composition and blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 women with the mean age of 49 years and a blood glucose level of 110-280 mg/dl were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups: a) group of aerobic exercise with diet (n=8), b) diet group (n=8) c) control group (n=8). The diet group consumed one barley bread, containing 4 g of β glucan, each day for 12 weeks. The group of aerobic exercise, who was on diet, participated in a progressive walking program with the intensity of 60-70 of maximal heart rate in addition to diet program (barley bread). Blood glucose, weight, fat percentage, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were measured in pre-and post-training. Results: Results showed a significant decrease in the blood glucose level in the experimental groups compared to the control group, while no major changes were observed in body composition and blood pressure. Conclusion: It seems that the combined program (aerobic training with diet) or consumption of β-glucan alone can decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes

Drug-drug interactions and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly outpatients

The high prevalence of concomitant chronic illnesses and the resulting higher number of medications in the elderly population increase the risk of adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with DDIs and PIMs in outpatient geriatrics. In this cross-sectional study, 1512 prescriptions belonging to patients aged ≥65 years from five public pharmacies in Tehran were evaluated. Clinically relevant (C, D, and X) and significant DDIs (D and X) were documented according to the Lexicomp®. Additionally, Zhan criteria were used to detect PIMs. At least one clinically relevant DDI was detected in 61.7% of the prescriptions containing ≥2 medications. The largest percentage of prescriptions with DDIs was prescribed by cardiologists (74.3%). The number of medications in prescriptions and the specialty of the prescriber significantly affected both clinically relevant and significant DDIs in a logistic regression model. At least one PIM was identified in 16.3% of the prescriptions. General practitioners (GPs) were the largest prescribers of PIMs. The mean number of medications was significantly higher in prescriptions with PIMs. In conclusion, clinically relevant DDIs are frequent in the elderly. In terms of PIMs, more attention should be paid to the education of GPs

Incorporating revocation of certification into a PKI model

Public key infrastructures (PKIs) are complex distributed systems that are responsible for giving users enough information to make reasonable trust judgments about one another. PKI is a prerequisite for security in distributed systems and for electronic commerce. The validation of public keys is hence of paramount importance. This is achieved by public-key certificates. Several researches have done to evaluate the confidence afforded; one of them is Maurer's model. The problem of assigning and evaluating confidence values numerically (Maurer model) is non-trivial, in particular when certification paths intersect. A restriction in this model is that certificate revocation is not included, but usually revocation happens. While Maurer consider only positive evidence, in this paper has been considered negative evidence as well as revocation. Moreover a few of authors incorporate negative values in inference rules on deterministic part. In this paper we have used a tailored form of that and consider revocation on inference rules. After that negative evidence to exert in probabilistic part, with to take in to a suitable value for this evidence omits the path of trust include the revoked certification

{2,2′-[(2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl­dinitrilo)bis(phenylmethylidyne)]di­phenolato}copper(II)

The complete mol­ecule of the title complex, [Cu(C31H28N2O2)], is generated by the application of twofold symmetry; the Cu and CMe2 atoms lie on the axis. The geometry around the CuII atom is distorted square-planar. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 76.0 (3) °. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

Functional disorders of the lung and symptoms of respiratory disease associated with occupational inhalation exposure to wood dust in Iran

OBJECTIVES The possible adverse respiratory effects of airborne pollutants in sawmills have not been thoroughly investigated in Iran. Additionally, the extent to which workers are exposed to this organic dust and its associated bioaerosols has not been extensively quantified. Likewise, the predominant bacterial and fungal species associated with wood dust have not been characterized. The present study was undertaken to address these issues. METHODS One hundred male individuals exposed to wood dust and 100 unexposed male subjects were investigated. They completed a standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire and underwent spirometry testing. Additionally, airborne concentrations of respirable and inhalable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were measured. RESULTS The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were found to be 2.44, 6.76 mg/m3 , 756.38, and 299.15 colony-forming units/m3 , respectively. The predominant Gram-negative bacteria in the sawmills included the Pseudomonadaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Rhinoscleromatis spp., and the predominant fungi consisted of the zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. Respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent among exposed workers. Significant cross-shift decrements were noted in some pulmonary function parameters. Similarly, pre-shift spirometry results indicated that some pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to wood dust and its bioaerosols was associated with significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and both acute (i.e., partially reversible) and chronic (i.e., irreversible) decrements in the functional capacity of the lung. Additionally, the characterized bioaerosols did not differ significantly from those isolated in other parts of the world

(5-Hy­droxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanone monohydrate

In the title compound, C16H15N3O2·H2O, the mean plane of the approximately planar pyrazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.0474 (18) Å] makes dihedral angles of 86.32 (11) and 45.04 (10)° with the phenyl and pyridine rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and pyridine rings is 69.62 (11)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect the components into chains along [010]. The crystal structure is further stabilized by π–π stacking inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.7730 (12) Å