Update On Nonsurgical, Ultraconservative Approaches To Treat Effectively Non-cavitated Caries Lesions In Permanent Teeth

Dental caries on tooth surfaces is still a problem in many industrialized countries. For many years, dentistry was influenced by a mechanical approach characterized by the use of high-speed rotary cutting instruments, and dentists predominantly used surgical methods to address caries. This included radical removal of diseased portions of the tooth, along with material-driven geometric extensions to areas that were assumed to be caries-resistant. This concept of extension for prevention was introduced by G. V. Black and influenced dentists for more than 120 years. Recently, a new paradigm of operative conservatism, sometimes referred to as "minimally invasive dentistry," has gained popularity. This paradigm is designed to promote maximum preservation of healthy dental structures over a lifetime. The aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of current nonsurgical treatments for non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. Based on results obtained from clinical trials, this review evaluates treatments such as consumption of CPP-ACP added gums, resin infiltration and fissure sealing. Although in a few cases an invasive approach is needed to arrest caries progression, the non-surgical approach generally provides potential benefits that include conserving structure by delaying intervention or minimizing the operative procedure. All current non-invasive methods are effective in treating non-cavitated caries lesions. The adoption of non-invasive approaches in the management of these lesions can preserve dental tissues, thus increasing tooth longevity.52229236Bader, J.D., Shugars, D.A., The evidence supporting alternative management strategies for early occlusal caries and suspected occlusal dentinal caries (2006) J Evid Base Dent Pract, 6, pp. 91-100Beauchamp, J., Caufield, P.W., Crall, J.J., Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: a report of the America Dental Association council on scientific affairs (2009) Dent Clin N Am, 53, pp. 131-147Paris, S., Meyer-Lueckel, H., Kielbassa, A.M., Resin infiltration of natural caries lesions (2007) J Dent Res, 86, pp. 662-666Morgan, M.V., Adams, G.G., Bailey, D.L., The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography (2008) Caries Res, 42, pp. 171-184Kuisch, V.K., Dental caries: a new look at an old disease (2009) Inside Dent, 5, pp. 60-65Feacherstone, J.D., Dental caries: a dynamic disease process (2008) Aust Dent J, 53, pp. 286-291Diefenderfer, K.E., Stahl, J., Caries remineralization therapy: implications for dental readiness (2008) Mil Med, 173, pp. 48-50Maltz, M., Jardim, J.J., Alves, L.R., Health promotion and dental caries (2010) Braz Oral Res, 24 (SPEC ISSUE 1), pp. 18-25Sharma, S., Kugel, G., Amorphous calcium phosphate sealants - the potential to remineralize (2009) Inside Dent, 5Bartlett, D.W., Bureau, G.P., Anggiansah, A., Evaluation of the pH of a new carbonated soft drink beverage: an in vivo investigation (2003) J Prosthodont, 12, pp. 21-25Khan, A.A., Jain, S.K., Shrivastav, A., Prevalence of dental caries among the population of Gwalior (India) in relation of different associated factors (2008) Eur J Dent, 2, pp. 81-85Kugel, G., Arsenault, P., Papas, A., Treatment modalities for caries management, including a new resin infiltration system (2009) Compend Contin Educ Dent, 30 (SPEC ISSUE 3), pp. 1-10Kidd, E.A., Fejerskov, O., What Constitutes Dental Caries? 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Superconductivity in the Nb2SnC compound

Nb2SnC is a member of the large family of lamellar materials that crystallize in the hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc which are isomorphs with Cr2AlC, also named H-phase. In spite of the great number of compounds which belong to this family, the superconductivity has been reported only for two cases: Mo2GaC and Nb2SC. In this work we show that superconductivity can be observed in Nb2SnC depending on the synthesis method used. The quality of the superconductor is strongly dependent of the synthesis method and the optimal results were reached for samples synthesized at 2.5 GPa and 523 +/- 50oC. This sample showed a critical temperature close to 7.8K, revealed from magnetization and transport measurement, the highest critical temperature reported up to now for an H-phase.Comment: paper with 12 pages and 4 figure

Inhomogeneous Superconductivity In Bi2sr2ca1-xprxcu2o8+ δ

We have studied Pr doping effect on the superconducting transition temperature onset TC(x) in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2O8+ δ superconducting polycrystalline samples by means of both resistance R(T,x) and magnetization M(T,x) measurements. It is found that while the resistively determined TCR(x) rapidly decreases with x for x > 0.4, the TCM ≈ 85 K obtained from magnetization measurements remains unchanged. We argue that the suppression of TCR(x) is related to the reduction of the sample superconducting volume fraction which ultimately leads to disconnected superconducting clusters. Resistive behavior measured at different applied currents in a sample close to percolation threshold supports this discussion. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.39012126Maeda, H., Tanaka, Y., Fukotomi, M., Asano, T., (1988) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 27, pp. L209Tamegai, T., Watanabe, A., Koga, K., Oguro, I., Iye, Y., (1988) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 27, pp. L1074Tamegai, T., Koga, K., Suzuki, K., Ichihara, M., Sakai, F., Iye, Y., (1989) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 28, pp. L112Tallon, J.L., Buckley, R.G., Staines, M.P., Presland, M.R., Gilberd, P.W., (1989) Appl. Phys. Lett., 54, p. 1591Koike, Y., Iwabuchi, Y., Hosoya, S., Kobayashi, N., Fukase, T., (1989) Physica C, 159, p. 105Inoue, Y., Shichi, Y., Munakata, F., Yamanaka, M., Koyama, Y., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 7307Koyama, K., Kanno, S., Noguchi, S., (1989) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 28, p. 1354Gao, Y., Pernambuco-Wise, P., Crow, J.E., O'Reilly, J., Spencer, N., Chen, H., Salomon, R.E., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 45, p. 7436Awana, V.P.S., Agarwal, S.K., Ray, R., Gupta, S., Narlikar, A.V., (1992) Physica C, 191, p. 43Quitmann, C., Andrich, D., Jarchow, C., Fleuster, M., Beschoten, B., Güntherodt, G., Moshchalkov, V.V., Manzke, R., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 11813Kendziora, C., Forro, L., Mandrus, D., Hartge, J., Stephens, P., Mihaly, L., Reeder, R., Sutton, S., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 45, p. 13025Awana, V.P.S., Agarwal, S.K., Narlikar, A.V., Das, M.P., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 1211Onuzuka, T., Hirotsu, Y., (1994) Acta Cryst. A, 50, p. 231Chen, X., Liang, J., Min, J., Li, J., Rao, G., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 3431Sumana Prabhu, P., Ramachandra Rao, M.S., Varadaraju, U.V., Subba Rao, G.V., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 6929Fukushima, N., Yoshiki, M., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 2696Awana, V.P.S., Menon, L., Malik, S.K., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, p. 9379Quitmann, C., Beschoten, B., Kelley, R.J., Günthrodt, G., Onellion, M., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, p. 11647Sun, X., Zhao, X., Wu, W., Fan, X., Li, X.-G., (1998) Physica C, 305, p. 227Sun, X., Zhao, X., Wu, W., Fan, X., Li, X.-G., Ku, H.C., (1998) Physica C, 307, p. 67Li, S.Y., Cao, Q., Sun, Z., Chen, X.H., Cao, L.Z., (2000) Supercond. Sci. Technol., 13, p. 1595Dos Santos, C.A.M., Pinto, G.S., Ferreira, B., Machado, A.J.S., (2001) Physica C, 354, p. 338Ovchnnikov, Yu.N., Wolf, S.A., Kresin, V.Z., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 064524Matheis, D.P., Snyder, R.L., (1990) Powder Diffr., 5, p.

Possible Electrical-current-driven Superconductor-insulator Transition

In this work we have studied the effect of applied electrical current on the resistive behavior of single phase Y1-XPrxBa2Cu3O7-Y [Y(Pr)123] polycrystalline samples with x close to the critical Pr concentration Xc ≈ 0.57 above which the superconductivity vanishes. The obtained results suggest the occurrence of a superconductinginsulator transition (SIT) driven by the electrical current. In particular, a crossing of current-voltage (I-V) isotherms at magnetic-field-dependent current Ic(H) is found, and the scaling behavior of nonlinear resistance R(I,T) = V(T)/I similar to that predicted in the scaling theory of SIT is obtained. We speculate that this possible current-induced SIT can be considered as the dynamical counterpart of the magnetic-field-tuned SIT. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.341-348PART 310471048Fisher, M.P.A., (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, p. 923Hebard, A.F., Paalanen, M.A., (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, p. 927Tanda, S., Ohzeki, S., Nakayama, T., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, p. 530Gerber, A., (1991) Phys. Rev. B, 43, p. 12935Neumeier, J.J., Maple, M.B., (1992) Physica C, 191, p. 158Kopelevich, Y., (1990) Sov. Phys. Solid State, 32, p. 2095(1996) Phys. Rev. B, 54, p. 84Ji, L., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 47, p. 470Li, S., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 747Dos Santos, C.A.M., to be publishe

Superconducting Yba2cu3o7-δ Films On Srtio3 By Electrodeposition Process

An ac electrodeposition (ED) process to obtain good quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) films was developed. These films were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrates previously coated with a thin silver layer (800 angstrom) that was deposited by chemical reduction. A small amount of Ag (0.7% in weight) added to the electrolyte bath was shown to improve the quality of the deposited films. YBCO films after an appropriate heat treatment present single phase material with an onset Tc approx. 90 K, ΔTc approx. 2 K, homogeneous grain morphology and strong biaxial texture. Transport measurements show a metallic behavior in the normal state and a self-field critical current densities approx. 105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and approx. 104 A/cm2 at 77K.341-348IV/Bhattacharya, R.N., (1998) Physica C, 304, p. 55Shinde, V.N., Pawar, S.H., (1994) Indian J. Phys., 68 A, p. 311Bhattacharya, R.N., (1992) J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, p. 67Christen, D.K., (1993) Superconductivity and Its Applications, 273, p. 24. , H.S. Kwok, D.T. Shaw, M.J. Naughton, Eds. AIP, New YorkRupp, M., Gupta, A., Tsuei, C.C., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 291Norton, D.P., (1996) Science, 274, p. 75