Seroepidemiological survey of canine visceral leishmaniasis in a continental island of northeast Brazil

Introdução: Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma doença endêmica em municípios vizinhos à Ilha de Maré, situada na plataforma continental do município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Entretanto, casos de LV não tem sido notificados nesta Ilha. Objetivo: foi investigar a soroprevalência e sinais clínicos de Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) e identificar a população de flebótomos presentes no povoado de Botelho, Ilha de Maré. Metodologia: Soro de cães locais foram testados para IgG anti-Leishmania por imunoensaios (teste rápido TR DPP™ e Elisa Indireto) e uma investigação entomológica foi conduzida. Resultados: 106 amostras foram testadas, sendo que sete (6,6%) foram positivas usando o teste rápido. As amostras positivas foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Central da Bahia para a confirmação, entretanto, essas amostras apresentaram resultado negativo no ELISA indireto. Foi identificada a presença de nove exemplares da espécie Pressatia choti, subfamília Phlebotominae, espécie frequentemente encontrada em áreas de transmissão de leishmaniose cutânea no Brasil. Conclusão: Apesar deste trabalho não ter identificado a presença de LVC na Ilha de Maré, novos inquéritos sorológicos e analises entomológicas em uma maior área da ilha de Maré serão necessários para a manutenção de uma vigilância epidemiológico na região insular em destaque

Serviço Escola Interdisciplinar: perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes assistidos

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of the patients who attended the Interdisciplinary Service School. Methods: It is a retrospective study with descriptive analyzes of the sociodemographics, clinical, physical therapy, and pharmacy variables obtained from the medical records of the patients attended between 2016 and 2019. Results: Most of the patients were female (57,65%), adults (58,98%), brown-skinned (16,41%), married (33,70%), employed (38,14%), and the comorbidities most frequent were systemic arterial hypertension (58,70%) and diabetes mellitus (21,30%). The physical therapy attendance was mostly for chronic conditions (58,29%) and in traumatic-orthopedic (67,09%) and neurofunctional areas (23,37%). The problems related to medications most identified were the presence of adverse effects (26,85%) and misprescribed doses (20,00%). Conclusions: The analysis of the panorama regarding the prevalence of conditions and population characteristics allows the planning and direction of strategies to adapt the service, in order to offer more integrated care, aiming patient health as a whole and offering improved quality services to the population attended.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos no Serviço Escola Interdisciplinar, desde o início de seu funcionamento. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo que analisou de forma descritiva as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, de atendimentos fisioterapêuticos e farmacêuticos dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos entre 2016 e 2019. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes atendidos foi do sexo feminino (57,65%), adultos (58,98%), pardos (16,41%), casados (33,70%) e empregados (38,14%) e as comorbidades mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (58,70%) e diabetes mellitus (21,30%). Os atendimentos da fisioterapia foram, sobretudo, de condições crônicas (58,29%) e nas áreas traumato-ortopédica (67,09%) e neurofuncional (23,37%). Os problemas relacionados aos medicamentos mais identificados durante os atendimentos farmacêuticos foram presença de efeitos adversos (26,85%) e doses muito baixas (20,00%). Conclusões: A análise do panorama relativo à prevalência de condições e de características da população permite o planejamento e o direcionamento de estratégias para adequação do serviço, a fim de oferecer atendimentos mais integrados, voltados à saúde do indivíduo como um todo, e de melhor qualidade

A minimally invasive approach to spleen histopathology in dogs: A new method for follow-up studies of spleen changes in the course of Leishmania infantum infection

Severe forms of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL) are associated with disruption of the spleen structure. However, the study of spleen histology requires splenectomy or necropsy. In this work, we present a minimally invasive cell-block technique for studying spleen tissue histology in dogs with ZVL. We examined 13 dogs with and seven dogs without Leishmania infantum infection. The dogs with Leishmania infection had a lower frequency of lymphoid follicles (2/13, Fisher's test, P<0.02) and a higher density of plasma cells (score 3, Fisher's test, P<0.02) than uninfected dogs (5/7 exhibiting lymphoid follicles and a plasma cell score of 1). The dogs with Leishmania infection also presented with granulomas (8/13) and infected macrophages (5/13). These differences in the histological presentations of spleen tissue from infected and uninfected dogs corresponded to changes observed in conventional histology. Hence, the cell-block technique described here may be used in the follow-up care and study of dogs with ZVL and other diseases in both clinical practice and research488792CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DA BAHIA - FAPESB400905/2013-223038.006718/2013-19PET0053/201

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data