Financial development, credit rationing and the distribution of income: South Africa 1913-2008

This paper provides a theoretical examination of the impact of financial development and credit constraints on earnings inequality in the country between 1923 and 2008. The time-span is particularly interesting, as it includes three distinct political regimes: colonialism, apartheid and democracy

Luxury branding: a participação do design gráfico na conexão emocional entre as marcas de luxo e seus consumidores. estudo de caso: H. Stern

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design e Expressão Gráfica, Florianópolis, 2010O luxo, quando ligado a marcas, é caracterizado por uma identidade forte, por um estilo reconhecível, por uma consciência elevada, e por associações emocionais e simbólicas realçadas. Como uma indústria global, tem um crescimento ininterrupto por mais de duas décadas. A gestão de uma marca de luxo implica em especificidades, é complexa, exige uma aproximação consistente e coerente para criar e manter seu sucesso, e sugere uma ligação emocional entre a marca e os consumidores. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a participação do design gráfico na conexão emocional entre as marcas de luxo e seus clientes. Adota uma aproximação qualitativa, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Uma compreensão da participação do design gráfico na ligação emocional entre uma marca de luxo e seus clientes, propõe que estas sejam preferivelmente as características de toda marca bem-sucedida e não somente de uma marca de luxo. Embora haja estudos acadêmicos sobre o luxo, este parece ser o primeiro a focalizar especificamente o design gráfico através do Luxury Branding.The luxury, when attached to brands, is characterized by a strong identity, by a recognizable style, a heightened awareness, and highlighted emotional and symbolic associations. As a global industry, it has an uninterrupted growth for more than two decades. The management of a luxury brand involves specificities, it is complex and requires a consistent and coherent approach to creating and maintaining its success, and suggests an emotional connection between brand and consumers. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of graphic design in the emotional connection between luxury brands and their customers. It adopts a qualitative approach, through a literature review and case study. An understanding of the participation of graphic design in the emotional connection between a luxury brand and its customers, proposing that they are the characteristics of all successful brand instead of a luxury brand only. Although there are academic studies on the luxury, the luxury market and luxury brands seem to be the first to focus specifically on graphic design through the Luxury Branding

Hyperoxic acute lung injury and ventilator-induced/associated lung injury: new insights into intracellular signaling pathways

In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), supportive therapy with mechanical ventilation and oxygen is often life saving. Further acute lung injury however, is an unfortunate consequence of oxygen therapy as well as mechanical injury secondary to ventilator induced/associated lung injury (VI/ALI). In this issue of Critical Care, Li et al. expand on the intra-cellular signaling pathways regulating interactions between injury cascades resulting from hyperoxia and high tidal volume ventilation. The findings, suggest that interference or cooperation of different signals may have critical consequences as evidenced by indices of increased lung inflammation, microvascular permeability, and lung epithelial apoptotic cell death

Cultural adaptation to Brazil of the questionnaire Costs of caring for children with cancer.

Objectiveto present the cultural adaptation of the questionnaire Costs of caring for children with cancer, offering a valid and reliable tool to assess the economic repercussions of childhood cancer for Brazilian families.Methodit is a methodological research with a cross-sectional design. The methodological framework to validate the questionnaire was a combined process that included seven steps: translation to Portuguese; first translated consensus version; evaluation by Expert Committee; consensus on the Expert Committee version; back-translation; consensus of back-translated versions; semantic validation. The study was conducted in two phases: phase one was the translation and back-translations process, with five expert committee members. Phase two was the semantic validation, with 24 participants, who answered an instrument about their impressions of the questionnaire and suggested modifications.Resultsin phase one, items were included, excluded, and replaced to make the content equivalent and valid for use with Brazilian context. In phase two, the majority of the participants were mothers, who made suggestions about the relevance and clarity of the items in the questionnaire.Conclusionsthe authors discussed these recommendations and made adaptations, turning the questionnaire into a valid and reliable tool for application

Using cytogenetic and molecular methods in the determination of the origin of some South American "Anthoxanthum odoratum L." populations

La especie Anthoxanthum odoratum (Poaceae; Pooideae) es originaria de Eurasia, si bien su rango de distribución se ha ampliado considerablemente por la acción humana, y en la actualidad supone un problema ecológico en zonas templadas de Australia y América del Sur. El objetivo del presente trabajo es poner a punto técnicas citogenéticas y moleculares (filogenéticas) que permitan determinar el origen de las poblaciones de Anthoxanthum odoratum en Chile. Para ello se adaptaron los protocolos de germinación de semillas y de las técnicas cariológicas a las particularidades del género Anthoxanthum. Asimismo, para los trabajos de filogenia molecular se emplearon regiones nucleotídicas cloroplásticas (trnLF y trnTL) y nucleares multicopia (ETS y ITS). El estudio filogenético se llevó a cabo mediante Máxima Parsimonia e inferencia Bayesiana. Asimismo, se realizó un árbol basado en las distancias estimadas mediante el algoritmo Neighbor-Joining. Las tres metodologías apuntaron un claro agrupamiento de las poblaciones chilenas de A. odoratum con las poblaciones de Europa Occidental y, particularmente, la Península Ibérica. Por otro lado, los recuentos cromosómicos realizados indican que las poblaciones de A. odoratum analizadas, tanto chilenas como ibéricas, son tetraploides (n=20). La falta de delimitación celular y la tendencia al agrupamiento de los cromosomas dificultaron los recuentos cromosómicos. La combinación de técnicas moleculares y citogenéticas permitirá avanzar más en el estudio de las poblaciones invasoras de este taxón y su evolución reciente.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2013/201

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE BRAZILIAN FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE 90S

This work investigates the increased share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Brazilian food industry. In addition to conferring on Brazil the important role of attracting FDI to Mercosur (the Southern Common Market), this flow of investment has caused importance changes in the Brazilian industrial organization. Increases in competition, new strategies and changes in the number of employees in the industry are a few of the more remarkable results. The main objective of this work is to investigate the reasons of entry, encountered mainly in the characteristics of the Brazilian market, and the impacts on the local industry, and to signal the long-run effects of these recent changes.Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,

Temporal evolution of dengue fever in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, 1994 - 2003

Este estudo caracteriza-se epidemiológico-descritivo com objetivo de descrever a evolução temporal dos casos de dengue em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, no período de 1994 a 2003, segundo mês de ocorrência e sexo. Os dados foram obtidos junto às fichas de notificação compulsória fornecidas pela Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município. Foram obtidos os coeficientes de incidência por 100.000 habitantes, segundo estimativas populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. O município viveu uma epidemia de dengue no ano de 2001, quando o coeficiente de incidência chegou a 619,65 casos/100.000 habitantes, sendo que dentre os 5.553 casos encontrados no período estudado, 0,07% ocorreram no ano de 1994, 3,68% em 1995, 4,52% em 1996, 2,40% em 1997, 1,82% em 1998, 5,73% em 1999, 3,75% em 2000, 57,37% em 2001, 6,25% em 2002 e, 14,39% em 2003 . Os meses do ano de maior ocorrência da doença foram de janeiro a maio. Em relação à variável sexo, a proporção entre o número de casos foi de aproximadamente 1:1, mostrando pequenas flutuações de casos de dengue entre homens e mulheres, para todo período estudado. Os resultados apontam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos sobre a temática e reforçam o papel das instituições de ensino na questão da dengue no nosso país.This epidemiological-descriptive study aimed to describe the temporal evolution of dengue cases in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, between 1994 and 2003, according to month of occurrence and gender. Data were obtained from the compulsory notification forms provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance service of the Ribeirão Preto Municipal Health Secretary. We obtained incidence coefficients per 100,000 inhabitants, according to population estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The city experienced a dengue epidemic in 2001, when the incidence coefficient reached 619.65 cases/100,000 inhabitants. We found 5553 cases during the study period, 0.07% of which occurred in 1994, 3.68% in 1995, 4.52% in 1996, 2.40% in 1997, 1.82% in 1998, 5.73% in 1999, 3.75% in 2000, 57.37% in 2001, 6.25% in 2002 and 14.39% in 2003. January to May were the months with the highest occurrence levels. As to the gender variable, we found a proportion of approximately 1:1, showing small fluctuations between men and women for dengue cases during the entire study period. Results indicate the need to study the theme and reinforce the role of teaching institutions to tackle dengue in Brazil.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq