Seed-borne and seed-transmitted fungi, etiological agents of damping-off of castor bean

A mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) é suscetível a mais de 150 diferentes microrganismos, e é afetada por várias doenças, algumas delas causadoras de sérios prejuízos econômicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar fungos transmitidos pela semente e identificar os patogênicos a essa cultura. Foram realizadas análises sanitárias de sementes e testes de patogenicidade com os microrganismos detectados, em condições de laboratório, em Campina Grande, PB. Diversos fungos foram detectados na semente, alguns deles causadores de doenças em várias culturas. Entre os fungos isolados, Fusarium sp., Alternaria ricini, Aspergillus flavus e Chaetomium sp. causam podridão da semente e afetam seu poder germinativo; Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani e Alternaria ricini são transmitidos pela semente, causando tombamento das plântulas e sérios danos à cultura.Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is susceptible to more than 150 different microorganisms and is affected by several diseases some of which responsible for great economic harms. The purpose of this study was to detect seed-transmitted fungi and to identify those pathogenics to this crop. It was made seed health analysis and pathogenicity studies with the microorganisms detected under laboratory conditions, in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Several fungi were detected in castor seed. Some are causal agents of serious plant diseases. Fusarium sp., Alternaria ricini, Aspergillus flavus and Chaetomium sp. caused seed rot and or lower germination. Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria ricini were transmitted by seed and caused severe seedling damping-off

Changes in infant and neonatal mortality and associated factors in eight cohorts from three Brazilian cities

Stillbirth (SBR), perinatal (PMR), neonatal (NMR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) are declining in Brazil and the factors associated with these falls are still being investigated. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in SBR, PMR, NMR and IMR over time and to determine the factors associated with changes in NMR and IMR in eight Brazilian cohorts. All cohorts are population-based (Ribeirão Preto in 1978/79, 1994 and 2010; Pelotas in 1982, 1993 and 2004; and São Luís in 1997/98 and 2010). Were included data on 41440 children. All indicators were decreased, except in the city of Pelotas, from 1993 to 2004, and except SBR in São Luís. Sociodemographic variables seem to be able to explain reductions of NMR and IMR in Ribeirão Preto, from 1978/79 to 1994, and in São Luís. In Ribeirão Preto, from 1994 to 2010 declines in NMR and IMR seem to be explained by reductions in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Newborn’s gestational age had diminished in all cohorts, preventing even greater reductions of NMR and IMR. Improved sociodemographic variables and reduction of IUGR, seem to be able to explain part of the decrease observed. NMR and IMR could have been reduced even more, were it not for the worsening in gestational age distribution

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento

Occurrence of Aspergillus niger strains on a polychrome cotton painting and their elimination by anoxic treatment

This study aimed to isolate and identify the population of filamentous fungi colonizing a cotton painting, whose conservation status was compromised and showed signs of biodeterioration due to dirt accumulation and microbial metabolism. In addition, microbiological techniques such as cultivation-dependent approach and molecular biology were used to identify microbial populations and to eliminate their metabolic action. For this, the nondestructive anoxic atmosphere technique was used, in which the microbial metabolism was affected by the absence of oxygen. Prior to exposure to an anoxic atmosphere, only one fungal species, Aspergillus niger, was identified at 12 points sampled in the obverse and reverse of the artwork; no fungal species persisted as a result of anoxic treatment. These results showed that exposure to anoxic conditions was effective for the total elimination of isolated fungal strains as well as their spores. In conclusion, this study proved the unprecedented effectiveness of a nondestructive technique for artwork on textile colonized by black fungi species. Thus, this interdisciplinary work involving conservation, microbiology, and chemistry presents a tool to eliminate microorganisms, while maintaining the integrity of artwork and safety of the restorer, that can be applied prior to artwork restoration.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil

Submitted by Paulo Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-09-27T12:48:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil..pdf: 1548800 bytes, checksum: 2a9dce848f940d9c83c57a7209deddb1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-09-27T13:48:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil..pdf: 1548800 bytes, checksum: 2a9dce848f940d9c83c57a7209deddb1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-27T13:48:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil..pdf: 1548800 bytes, checksum: 2a9dce848f940d9c83c57a7209deddb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil / Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Berlin Institute of Health. Institute of Virology. Berlin, Germany.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Microbiologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging virus associated with acute hepatic disease, leads to thousands of deaths worldwide. HEV has already been reported in Brazil; however, there is a lack of epidemiological and molecular information on the genetic variability, taxonomy, and evolution of HEV. It is thus unclear whether hepatitis E is a neglected disease in Brazil or it has low relevance for public health in this country. Here, for the first time, we report the presence of HEV in Northeast Brazil. A total of 119 swine faecal samples were screened for the presence of HEV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further confirmed by conventional RT-PCR; among these, two samples were identified as positive. Molecular evolution analyses based on capsid sequences revealed that the samples had close proximities to HEV sequences belonging to genotype 3 and were genetically related to subtype 3f isolated in humans. Parsimony ancestral states analysis indicated gene flow events from HEV cross-species infection, suggesting an important role of pig hosts in viral spillover. HEV's ability for zoonotic transmission by inter-species host switching as well as its possible adaptation to new animal species remain important issues for human health

Post-thaw dilution of Rhamdia quelen sperm improves the reproductive success

The aim was to evaluate the effect of a post-thaw dilution of Rhamdia quelen sperm in 1.1% NaCl (325 mOsm kg-1; pH 7.6; 24 ◦C) solution on the quality and reproductive capacity. Sperm from eight males were cryopreservation in nitrogen vapor at 170 ◦C for 18 h in 0.25 mL straws in a freezing medium containing 5% fructose, 5% Powdered milk, and 10% methanol. The samples were thawed and post-thaw diluted (1:20) in NaCl solution or not (control). The higher spermatozoa velocities were observed in the post-thaw diluted samples (curvilinear (VCL) - 69 ± 11μm s-1; average path (VAP) - 45 ± 8 μm s-1; straight-line (VSL) - 43 ± 8 μm s-1) compared to the control (VCL - 47 ± 10 μm s-1; VAP - 31 ± 6 μm s-1; VSL - 30 ± 6 μm s-1). Greater straightness (STR), progression (PROG), and beat cross frequency (BCF) were observed in the post-thaw diluted samples (STR - 96 ± 7%; PROG - 666 ± 128 μm; BCF - 42 ± 2 Hz) than in control (STR - 95 ± 5%; PROG - 463 ± 92 μm; BCF - 40 ± 2 Hz). The strongly curled tail was the only morphology change that differ between the post-thaw diluted (5 ± 2%) and control (2 ± 1%). Membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and normal larvae rate were not different between treatments. Fertilization and hatching were higher in the post-thaw diluted sperm (93 ± 3%; 82± 9%) when compared to control samples (65 ± 13%; 55 ± 17%). Were used oocytes from one female, limiting these results. The post-thaw dilution improved the sperm kinetics and reproductive parameters. Thus, this methodology can be included in the sperm cryopreservation protocol for R. quelen

The use of differential separation and density gradient with AllGrad 90% after thawing improves the sperm quality of South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

The use of technologies in assisted reproduction, such as the use of centrifugation, has been reported as a tool that allows separating the best portion of sperm from cryopreserved milt. The main of this work was to compare two separation techniques, differential and density gradient, on thawed Rhamdia quelen milt, based on sperm functionality and fertilization capacity. Three treatments were compared: control, differential centrifugation or pelletization (T1), and density gradient centrifugation (T2). Motility percentage was better for differential (42.58 ± 6.50%) than for the control treatment (32.44 ± 6.03%). Membrane integrity and kinetic parameters was not different between treatments. The presence of normal sperm was higher in T2 treatment (13.55 ± 5.82%) when compared to the control (10.72 ± 3.53%) and T1 (3.97 ± 1.95%). There was a lower rate of morphological tail damage in the T1 (26.91 ± 7.13%) treatment compared to the T2 (37.48 ± 10.81%) and control (45.88 ± 4.84%). For the head morphologies, the lowest percentages were for the control (35.72 ± 5.89%) and T2 (4.89 ± 14.94%) treatments compared to the T1 treatment (62.59 ± 9.67%). In the MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test (AU/100 million sptz), the centrifuged treatments resulted in values of 1.58 ± 0.79 (T1) and 2.02 ± 1.88 (T2), better than the treatment control (0.20 ± 0.08). Likewise, the fertilization and hatching rates, respectly, were better for the T1 (76.68 ± 15.22% and 54.62 ± 17.39%) and T2 (69.85 ± 17.85% and 50.87 ± 20.59%) treatments, than the control treatment (40.03 ± 11.67% and 24.14 ± 13.97%). The comparison of differential centrifugation with density gradient centrifugation was carried out for the first time with cryopreserved milt of R. quelen. In summary, both centrifugation techniques proved to be efficient in obtaining a better portion of functional sperm from thawed milt. This is based on the high rates of embryonic survival and hatching obtained after both differential and density gradient separation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

p. 8496-8516The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alkaloid-enriched extracts from Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) pods in order to evaluate them as feed additives for ruminants. As only the basic chloroformic extract (BCE), whose main constituents were juliprosopine (juliflorine), prosoflorine and juliprosine, showed Gram-positive antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC = 25 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 50 μg/mL) and Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 50 μg/mL), its influence on ruminal digestion was evaluated using a semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, with monensin as the positive control. Results showed that BCE has decreased gas production as efficiently as monensin after 36 h of fermentation, revealing its positive influence on gas production during ruminal digestion. Since P. juliflora is a very affordable plant, this study points out this alkaloid enriched extract from the pods of Prosopis juliflora as a potential feed additive to decrease gas production during ruminal digestion