Biostimulant and substrates on litchi tree propagation by air layering

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.

Concentrations of indolebutyric acid and kinds of substrates in the vegetative propagation of litchi

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de AIB e diferentes tipos de substratos na propagação vegetativa de lichia via técnica de alporquia. Os alporques foram realizados em ramos semilenhosos, sadios e vigorosos da cultivar Bengal, com 12 anos de idade. Os ramos foram anelados com 1,5 cm de largura, tratados com diferentes concentrações de AIB (0; 1.000; 2.000; 3.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1), distribuídos em solução com auxílio de pincel e cobertos com três diferentes tipos de substratos (plantmax®, húmus e esfagno) umedecidos. Em seguida, foram envolvidos com plástico transparente e amarrados nas duas extremidades, para criar um ambiente úmido ao redor da lesão, favorável ao desenvolvimento de raízes, para a produção dos alporques. Após 84 dias, avaliaram-se o comprimento de raiz (cm), o número de raízes, expresso em notas de 0 a 5, e a porcentagem de calejamento e de enraizamento. Maior sucesso na propagação vegetativa de lichia, cultivar Bengal, via técnica de alporquia, foi obtido utilizando como substrato o plantmax® AIB entre 2.166 e 2.430 mg.L-1. A utilização de húmus combinado com concentrações entre 2.175 e 2.250 mg.L-1 de AIB também proporcionou bons resultados no desenvolvimento dos alporques. Por outro lado, menor sucesso no desenvolvimento dos alporques de lichia, cultivar Bengal, independentemente da concentração de AIB utilizada, foi obtido com esfagno.The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the IBA application and different kinds of substrates in the vegetative propagation of litchi by air layering technique. The air layering had been done in semi-hardwood, healthy and vigorous branches of cultivar Bengal, in stock plants of 12 years old. The branches had been ring-girdled, 1,5 cm of width, and the exposed wound treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg.L-1), enclosed with three moistened substrates (plantmax®, humus and sphagnum moss), involved with transparent plastic and tied in the two extremities. After 84 days, it was evaluated the length of root (cm), number of root expressed in notes from 0 to 5, percentage of callus and rooting. The best results in the vegetative propagation of litchi, cultivar Bengal, by air layering technique were obtained using plantmax® and IBA between 2.166 and 2.430 mg.L-1. The use of humus combined with concentrations between 2.175 and 2.250 mg.L-1 of IBA, also gave good results in the development of air layering. The poor success independently of IBA concentration was gotten with the use of sphagnum moss

Silicate fertilization in semi-hydroponic strawberry cultivation

Strawberry-producing technologies are rapidly developing for the cultivation of small red fruits. The Southern Minas Gerais stands out in Brazil’s production. In this context, the search for production improvements via nutrition and quality maintenance is indispensable for cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate how different silicon doses can influence the production and quality of strawberry fruits from national and imported seedlings. For the experiment, strawberry seedlings from the ‘San Andreas’ cultivar, of national and Chilean origins, were used. The plants were grown in a semi-hydroponic system and corresponding silicon doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 mg L−1) were tested via foliar application. A split-plot design was used, in a 5×2 factorial scheme, with four replications and 10 plants per plot. By physical and physicochemical evaluations, alterations in the production and quality of the fruits were analyzed. The foliar application of silicon – to complement the strawberry nutrition – did not increase the productivity or quality of the fruits, regardless of the nationality of the seedlings. The only difference regarding origin was associated the vigor of plants

Custo de produção e rentabilidade de abacaxizeiro cv. pérola em Cassilândia (MS), sob diferentes doses de potássio

The pineapple crop are high potential for economic expression and social, but problems with productivity and management of production costs can be solved in order to ensure the sustainability of the farming system. The objective of this study was determine the cost of production and profitability of the pineapple's cultivation Pearl in Cassilandia-MS, under application of potassium doses fertilizer. The treatments consisted of the following doses of potassium (K2O): 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 kg ha(-1), used as a commercial source of potassium chloride (60% K2O). Were determined by estimating the effective operational cost (EOC), total operating cost (TOC), gross (RB), operating profitability (LO), profitability index (%), productivity of balance and equilibrium price. It was found that all treatments had operating profitability and positive profitability index. Potassium fertilization with 200 kg ha(-1) gave an average productivity of 50416.58 kg ha(-1), and also promoted the highest operating profit of R$9,108.97, the profit margin of 36.13$ 1.57).A cultura do abacaxi possui elevado potencial de expressão econômica e social, uma vez que problemas relacionados a produtividade e o gerenciamento dos custos de produção sejam solucionados de maneira a garantir a sustentabilidade do sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o custo de produção e rentabilidade da cultura do abacaxi ‘pérola’, em da aplicação de diferentes tratamentos da adubação potássica. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das seguintes doses de potássio (K2O): 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 kg ha-1, utilizado como fonte comercial o cloreto de potássio (60% de K2O). Foram determinados por estimação o custo operacional efetivo (COE), custo operacional total (COT), receita bruta (RB), lucratividade operacional (LO), índice de lucratividade (%), produtividade de equilíbrio e preço de equilíbrio. Constatou-se que todos os tratamentos apresentaram lucratividade operacional e índice de lucratividade positivos, muito embora o uso racional com 200 kg ha-1 de K2O promoveu lucro operacional de R$ 9108,97

Biostimulant and substrates on litchi tree propagation by air layering.

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.A produção de mudas de qualidade é importante para o ciclo da cultura, na lichieira a técnica de propagação mais utilizada é a alporquia, que pode ser potencializada com o uso de diferentes substratos e reguladores vegetais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de bioestimulante e tipos de substrato na propagação da lichieira, via alporquia. O experimento foi instalado em área comercial no município de Mogi Mirim/SP, e conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com fatorial de 5x2 e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate® (0, 3, 6, 9, e 12 mL L-1) e dois tipos de substrato (Plantmax® e Húmus de minhoca). Após 120 dias avaliou-se o comprimento das raízes (cm), número de raízes, porcentagem de alporques calejados e enraizados (%), massa fresca e massa seca de raízes (g) e volume de raízes (cm3). Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que as doses estimadas de 6,1 e 6,9 mL L-1 promoveram maior sucesso na propagação de lichieira e que os alporques podem ser produzidos nos dois tipos de substratos avaliados

Substratos e recipientes na produção de mudas de mamoeiro ‘Sunrise Solo’

Com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade de diferentes substratos e recipientes na formação de mudas de mamoeiro 'Sunrise Solo', realizou-se o presente experimento na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Cassilândia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 (tipos de substratos) x 2 (tamanhos de recipientes) sendo os tratamentos: T1 = saco plástico maior (1L) + solo puro), T2 = saco plástico maior (1L) + solo com esterco na proporção de 2:1 em volume), T3 = saco plástico maior -1L + substrato comercial Plantmax®, T4 = saco plástico maior (1L) + solo com 150 mg dm-3 de superfosfato simples, T5 = saco plástico menor (700ml) + solo puro, T6 = saco plástico menor (700ml) + solo com esterco na proporção de 2:1 em volume,  T7 = saco plástico menor (700ml) + substrato comercial Plantmax® e T8 = saco plástico menor (700ml) + solo com 150 mg dm-3 de superfosfato simples, com quatro repetições e 10 plantas por parcela. O uso do substrato solo + esterco na proporção 2:1 pode ser recomendado para a boa formação de mudas de mamoeiro ‘Sunrise Solo’. Não houve diferença significativa entre os recipientes de 700 ml e 1000 mL para as características analisadas