Development of a Novel Nanotextured Titanium Implant. An Experimental Study in Rats.

This animal study evaluated the osseointegration level of a new nanotextured titanium surface produced by anodization. Ti-cp micro-implants (1.5 mm diameter by 2.5 mm in length) divided into two groups: titanium nanotextured surface treatment (Test Group) and acid etched surface treatment (Control Group). Surface characterization included morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy and wettability by measuring contact angle. Sixteen Wistar rats were submitted to two micro implants surgical placement procedures. In each rat, one type of micro implant placed in each tibia. The animals sacrificed after two (T1) and six weeks (T2) post-implantation. After the euthanasia, tibias processed for histomorphometric analysis, which allowed the evaluation of bone to implant contact (BIC) and the bone area fraction occupancy between the threads (BAFO). Our surface analysis data showed that the Control Group exhibited an irregular and non-homogenous topography while the Test Group showed a nanotextured surface. The Test Group showed higher wettability (contact angle = 5.1 ± 0.7°) than the Control Group (contact angle = 75.5 ± 4.6°). Concerning the histomorphometric analysis results for T1, Control and Test groups showed BIC percentages of 41.3 ± 15.2% and 63.1 ± 8.7% (p < 0.05), respectively, and for BAFO, 28.7 ± 13.7% and 54.8 ± 7.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). For T2, the histomorphometric analysis for Control and Test groups showed BIC percentages of 51.2 ± 11.4% and 64.8 ± 7.4% (p < 0.05), respectively and for BAFO, 36.4 ± 10.3% and 57.9 ± 9.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. The findings of the current study confirmed that the novel nanotextured surface exhibited superior wettability, improved peri-implant bone formation, and expedited osseointegration

Influência da agitação no crescimento de nanotubos de TiO2 na superfície de discos de titânio comercialmente puro

As estratégias atuais no design de biomateriais incluem a alteração das propriedades da superfície do biomaterial para direcionar sistematicamente o comportamento celular. O titânio é o material mais prevalente para uso em implantes devido às suas propriedades mecânicas. Modificações na superfície de titânio podem otimizar a osseointegração de um implante modulando a resposta imunossupressora, acelerando o processo de cicatrização e reduzindo o tempo de tratamento. O crescimento de nanotubos de TiO2 através da anodização pode alterar as propriedades da superfície do titânio comercialmente puro, permitindo uma melhor resposta quando inserido no corpo humano. Objetivo do presente trabalho foi o crescimento de nanotubos de TiO2 na superfície de discos de titânio comercialmente puro e a redução do tempo de anodização, com agitação durante a oxidação anódica, tensão de 30V e eletrólito composto por 90-10% (v/v) de etilenoglicol-H2O e 1% NH4F (m/m). Para determinar a melhor intensidade de agitação foi estabelecido um tempo de 20 minutos. A classificação da intensidade da agitação foi feita pelo método de observação, classificada como fraca, moderada e vigorosa. Para determinar o melhor tempo de oxidação anódica, foi estabelecida intensidade de agitação moderada. O tempo de anodização deve permitir que a estrutura se reorganize e aumente o grau de autoorganização, assim, foram estabelecidos tempos de 20, 30 e 40 minutos. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas à calcinação em forno mufla EDG com taxa de aquecimento de 5ºC/minuto, mantida por 1 hora a 450ºC. A morfologia da superfície foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), ângulo de contato e difração de raios X (DRX).Palavras-chave: Agitação. Anodização. Biomateriais. Titânio.

Preparação de superfície bioativa na Liga Ti-7,5Mo para uso em Odontologia

Titânio e suas ligas têm sido utilizados em Odontologia devido sua biocompatibilidade e excelente resistência a corrosão. Esses metais são cobertos espontaneamente com uma fina camada de óxido em sua superfície quando em contato com o ar. No entanto, essa superfície do titânio é bioinerte e não se fixa quimicamente ao tecido ósseo. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a bioatividade da liga Ti-7,5Mo após tratamento de superfície químico e subseqüente tratamento térmico. Os lingotes foram obtidos a partir de titânio comercialmente puro e molibdênio utilizando um forno a arco voltaico. Depois submetidos a tratamento térmico a 1100ºC por uma hora, resfriados em água, conformados a frio e torneados para obter microestrutura e morfologia próximas aos implantes dentários. A rugosidade média (Ra) foi medida em rugosímetro (1,3 e 2,6Ym) e discos (10 mm de diâmetro e 4 mm de espessura) foram cortados a cada usinagem. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a rugosidade: Grupo I (1,3Ym) e Grupo II (2,6Ym), e dois sub-grupos (tratamento alcalino e tratamento alcalino + tratamento térmico). Para o tratamento alcalino, as amostras foram imersas em solução aquosa de NaOH a 5M , por 3 dias a 80ºC, lavadas em água destilada e secas a 40ºC por 24h. Para o tratamento térmico, após o tratamento alcalino, as amostras foram aquecidas a 600 ºC por 1h em forno elétrico. Depois, todas as amostras foram imersas em SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) por 7 e 14 dias para a formação de uma camada de apatita na superfície. As superfícies das amostras foram caracterizadas por perfilometria óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Nas amostras com tratamento alcalino observou-se a formação de um filme poroso de titanato de sódio e após a imersão em SBF, para os mesmos valores de rugosidade, observou-se que um maior período de imersão (14 dias) levou a um...Titanium and its alloys have been used in dentistry due to their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These metals are covered with a thin oxide layer formed spontaneously on their surface when in contact with air. However, titanium coating is bioinert and it cannot bond chemically to bone tissue. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of Ti-7,5Mo alloy after processing, surface chemical treatment and subsequent heat treatment. Ingots were obtained from titanium and molybdenum by using an arc-melting furnace. They were submitted to heat treatment at 1100ºC for one hour, cooled in water, cold worked by swaging and machined with a CNC lathe in order to achieve microstructure and morphology close to those of dental implants. Average roughness (Ra) was measured by roughness meter (1.3 and 2.6Ym) and discs (10 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness) were cut for each one. Samples were divided in two groups according to the roughness: Group I (1.3Ym) and Group II (2.6Ym) and two subgroups (with or without heat treatment). They were ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water and acetone, and air dried prior to the surface treatment. For alkaline surface treatment, samples were immersed in aqueous NaOH solution with 5.0M at 80ºC for 3 days, washed with distilled water and dried at 40ºC for 24h. For heat treatment, after the alkaline treatment, samples were heat treated at 600ºC for 1h in a electrical furnace in air. Then, all samples were immersed in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) for 7 and 14 days to form an apatite layer on the surface. After the immersion time, the samples were carefully washed and dried, and their surfaces were characterized by optical profilometer and scanning electron microscope. Samples with alkaline treatment were observed to form a film of porous sodium titanate and after immersion in SBF, for the same values of roughness... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Characterization of calcium phosphate coating produced by biomimetic method

Titanium and its alloys have been used in dentistry to due their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, titanium coating is bioinert material and it cannot chemically bond to bone tissue. The purpose of this work was evaluating the bioactivity of Ti-7,5Mo alloy after chemical treatment using H2SO4/H2O2 and soaking in SBF. Samples were chemically treated at room temperature for 4 h with a solution consisting of equal volumes of concentrated H2SO4 (200 ml) and 30% aqueous solution H2O2 (200 ml). The oxidized samples were rinsed with distilled water and were heat treated at 600 degrees C for 1h in a electrical furnace in air. Then, all samples were immersed in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) for 7 and 14 days to form a calcium phosphate (Ca/P) coating on the surface. Surfaces were characterized by using SEM, AFM and contact angle. The results indicated that calcium phosphate (Ca/P) was formed on surface of Ti-7.5Mo experimental alloy.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Development of a Novel Nanotextured Titanium Implant. An Experimental Study in Rats.

This animal study evaluated the osseointegration level of a new nanotextured titanium surface produced by anodization. Ti-cp micro-implants (1.5 mm diameter by 2.5 mm in length) divided into two groups: titanium nanotextured surface treatment (Test Group) and acid etched surface treatment (Control Group). Surface characterization included morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy and wettability by measuring contact angle. Sixteen Wistar rats were submitted to two micro implants surgical placement procedures. In each rat, one type of micro implant placed in each tibia. The animals sacrificed after two (T1) and six weeks (T2) post-implantation. After the euthanasia, tibias processed for histomorphometric analysis, which allowed the evaluation of bone to implant contact (BIC) and the bone area fraction occupancy between the threads (BAFO). Our surface analysis data showed that the Control Group exhibited an irregular and non-homogenous topography while the Test Group showed a nanotextured surface. The Test Group showed higher wettability (contact angle = 5.1 ± 0.7°) than the Control Group (contact angle = 75.5 ± 4.6°). Concerning the histomorphometric analysis results for T1, Control and Test groups showed BIC percentages of 41.3 ± 15.2% and 63.1 ± 8.7% (p < 0.05), respectively, and for BAFO, 28.7 ± 13.7% and 54.8 ± 7.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). For T2, the histomorphometric analysis for Control and Test groups showed BIC percentages of 51.2 ± 11.4% and 64.8 ± 7.4% (p < 0.05), respectively and for BAFO, 36.4 ± 10.3% and 57.9 ± 9.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. The findings of the current study confirmed that the novel nanotextured surface exhibited superior wettability, improved peri-implant bone formation, and expedited osseointegration

Cytotoxicity Analysis of Ti-7.5Mo Alloy After Biomimetic Surface Treatment to Use as Dental Materials

<div><p>Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for medical and dental fields due to their excellent biocompatibility, high corrosion resistance, high specific strength and excellent mechanical properties. Different methods have been developed to improve the surface properties of titanium-based implant materials, and consequently the bone-bonding ability. The Ti-7.5Mo alloy was activated by an alkaline treatment with 5M NaOH, heat treatment and subsequent immersion in SBFx5 to investigate the in vitro response of osteoblastic-like cells MG-G3 on altered biomimetic surfaces. Sample surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralized bone-like nodule formation. It was shown the que alkali treatment led to the formation of sodium titanate and immersion in SBFx5 formed a film of calcium phosphate. The alkaline treatment and heat treatment of 7.5 Ti-Mo alloys followed by soaking them in SBFx5 for 24 hours is a suitable technique once the final samples were biocompatible, allowed the attachment of the osteoblastic-like cells (MG-G3), and increased the mineralized like-bone nodules formation by these cells.</p></div

Histological analysis of the osseointegration of Ti-30Ta dental implants after surface treatment

Metallic biomaterials are used to reinforce or to restore the form and function of hard tissues. Implants and prosthesis are used to replace shoulders, knees, hips and teeth. When these materials are inserted in bone several biological reactions happen. This process can be associated to surface properties (topography, roughness and surface energy). In this work, the influence of biomimetic surface treatment in the osseointegration of Ti-30Ta dental implants was evaluated. Ingots were obtained from titanium and tantalum by using an arc-melting furnace. They were submitted to heat treatment at 1,100°C for 1 h, cooled in water and cold worked by swaging. Then, screw-shaped implants (2.0 mm diameter by 2.5 mm length) were manufactured and they were implanted in a rat's femur. Animals were divided into two groups: untreated (control group) and treated (biomimetic surface treatment). They were sacrificed 30 days after implantation. For histological analysis, implants with surrounding tissue were removed and immersed in formaldehyde. Samples were embedded in polymethyl methacrylate and after polymerization, cut with a saw, polished and mounted on glass slides. The results obtained suggest that biomimetic surface treatment was able to promote an increase osseointegration on the surface of dental implants. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Anodic Oxidation of 3D Printed Ti6Al4V Scaffold Surfaces: In Vitro Studies

This study focuses on the surface modification of Ti6Al4V scaffolds produced through additive manufacturing using the Powder-Bed Fusion Electron-Beam Melting (PBF-EB) technique. From our perspective, this technique has the potential to enhance implant osseointegration, involving the growth of a layer of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2) on surfaces through anodic oxidation. Scaffolds with anodized surfaces were characterized, and the formation of a nanoporous and crystalline TiO2 layer was confirmed. The analysis of cell morphology revealed that cells adhered to the anodized surfaces through their filopodia, which led to proliferation during the initial hours. However, it was observed that the adhesion of Saos-2 cells was lower on anodized scaffolds compared to both built and chemically polished scaffolds throughout the cell culture period. The results obtained here suggest that while anodic oxidation is effective in achieving a nanoporous surface, cell adhesion and interaction were affected by the weak adhesion of cell filopodia to the surface. Thus, combining surface treatment techniques to create micro- and nanopores may be an effective alternative for achieving a favorable cellular response when the objective is to enhance the performance of porous titanium scaffolds in the short term