Homebound Status Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Disabilities in ADLs and Its Associations With Clinical, Functional, and Environmental Factors

Brief Report[Abstract] Background. Homebound status is associated with poor health, comorbidity, and mortality and represents a major challenge for health systems. However, its prevalence among people with disabilities in the basic activities of daily living (ADLs) is unknown. Objectives. The objectives were to: (1) examine the prevalence of the homebound status among middle-aged and older adults with disabilities in ADLs, and (2) identify its clinical, functional, and environmental determinants. Methods. This study included 221 community-dwelling subjects, aged ≥50 years, who applied for long-term care services at the Office for Legal Certification of Long-term Care Need of Coruña (Spain). Each subject had a disability in ADLs and was interviewed by a trained examiner in the subject's home. The participants were considered homebound if they remained inside their home during the previous week. Measures. Demographic, clinical, functional, and environmental factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with homebound status. Results. The prevalence of homebound status was 39.8%. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of architectural barriers at the home entrance (stairs [OR: 6.67, p < 0.001] or a heavy door [OR: 2.83, p = 0.023]), walking ability limitations (OR: 3.26, p = 0.006), and higher age (OR: 1.05, p = 0.04) were associated with homebound status. Conclusions. Homebound status is a highly prevalent problem among middle-aged and older adults with disabilities in ADLs. Architectural factors in the home and walking ability limitations seem to be important predictors, suggesting that health care interventions should target home adaptations and mobility skills as a means to preventing or decreasing homebound status

Reference values for the adolescent/adult sensory profile in Spain

Randomized controlled trial[Abstract] Importance: In Spain, only one culturally adapted assessment tool is available for children between ages 3 and 11 yr. There are no assessments of adolescent and adult sensory processing, and no normative data. Objective: To obtain reference values for the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) in Spain for adolescents (aged 11-17) and adults (aged 18-64 and ≥65). Design: A multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare specific mean values (-2, -1, +1, and +2 standard deviation [SD]) by age group, gender, geographic area, education level, and employment status. Participants: We randomly recruited 787 participants (55.8% female) aged 11 yr or older (mean age = 32.1, SD = 21.1) in Spain. We excluded those with a diagnosis of depression, chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, cancer, neurological disease), or cognitive disability and those who used medication that could affect the central nervous system. Results: Quadrant mean (SD) scores ranged from 29.3 (6.6) for low registration to 49.1 (8.3) for sensory seeking, with significant differences by age group (p < .001) in all quadrants. Significant differences were also found for scores in different quadrants by gender, geographic area, education level, and employment status. Although statistically significant, the differences between scores were not clinically relevant; the mean scores fell within the typical range for sensory processing. Conclusions and relevance: We offer reference values for the cultural adaptation to Spain of the AASP and recommend its use for the typically developing Spanish population ages 11 and older. What this article adds: We provide normative data for the AASP for three age groups of the Spanish population: adolescents, adults, and older adults

Cultural adaptation of the adolescent/adult sensory profile for Spain

[Abstract] Importance: In Spain, culturally adapted tools are needed to assess sensory processing in adolescents and adults. Objective: To adapt the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) so that it is culturally appropriate for use in Spain. Design: Following standard procedures for cultural adaptation, we completed direct and back translation, conducted cognitive interviews, and examined test-retest reliability. Participants: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 18 participants ages 11-13 yr. Test-retest reliability was calculated with different samples of 30 participants who were Spanish speaking only and 30 who were Spanish and English speaking. Results: The cognitive interviews revealed no serious difficulties in comprehension. The linguistic expert made necessary adjustments, and test-retest reliability of items showed low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; i.e., <.50) for two items in the monolingual group and five items in the bilingual group. These items were reviewed and revised by the linguistic expert, and subsequent test-retest reliability showed only one item with an ICC of <.50. Conclusions and relevance: The cultural adaptation of the AASP for Spain is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original version and provides a culturally sensitive measure of sensory processing for adolescent and adult Spanish populations. What this article adds: The cultural adaptation of assessment tools is an essential part of occupational therapy clinical intervention. We describe the cultural adaptation to Spain of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile

Thermocycling effect on microshear bond strength to zirconia ceramic using Er:YAG and tribochemical silica coating as surface conditioning

[Abstract] The purpose of this study is to evaluate the thermocycling effect on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of different self-adhesive resin cements to zirconia using tribochemical silica coating Rocatec™ (ROC) and Er:YAG as surface conditioners. Two hundred forty square-like zirconia samples were polished and randomly assigned in four groups according surface treatment applied as follows: (1) no treatment (NT), (2) silica coating with ROC, 3) Er:YAG laser irradiation (LAS: 2.940 nm, 200 mJ; 10 Hz), and (4) laser followed by Rocatec™ (LAROC). Each group was divided into two subgroups according the resin tested as follows: (A) BiFix SE (BIF) and (B) Clearfil SA (CLE). After 24 h, half of the specimens from each subgroup were tested. The other half was stored and thermocycled (5–55 °C/5,000 cycles). A μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine (cross head speed = 0.5 mm/min). Failure modes were recorded and observed by scanning electronic microscopy. Data was analyzed with ANOVA, Student’s t test, and chi-square tests, and linear regression was performed (p < 0.05). Before thermocycling, both cements showed higher μSBS results with ROC and LAROC. After aging, (1) all BIF specimens evidenced severely decreased adhesion with mostly adhesive failures and (2) CLE maintained the initial results in ROC and LAROC groups, performing better with ROC. Thermocycling did not negatively influence the resin–zirconia μSBS results in the self-adhesive resin cement containing 10-MDP when used on zirconia surface coated with silica, independently of previous Er:YAG surface treatment

Ultrashort pulsed laser conditioning of human enamel: in vitro study of the influence of geometrical processing parameters on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

[Abstract] The surfaces of 63 extracted premolar teeth were processed with intense ultrashort laser pulses (λ = 795 nm; pulse duration, 120 fs; repetition rate, 1 kHz) to produce cross patterns with different pitches (s) in the micrometer range in order to evaluate the influence of such microstructures on the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets to enamel. The samples were classified in nine groups corresponding to the control group (raw samples) and eight different laser-processed groups (cross patterns with s increasing from 15 to 180 μm). Brackets were luted with TransbondTM XT adhesive resin to all the samples; after 72 h, they all were submitted to strength test in a universal testing machine. Additionally, a third of the samples underwent morphological analysis of the debonded surface by means of scanning electron microscope microscopy and an analysis of the failure mode based on the adhesive remnant index. The results showed that enamel microstructuring with ultrashort laser pulses remarkably increase the bond strength of brackets. Dense cross patterns (s  90 μm) give rise to smaller improvements of the bond strength. A strong correlation of this behavior with the predominant failure mode in both scenarios was found. So far, the best compromise between suitable adhesive efficiency, processing time minimization, and enamel surface preservation suggests the performance of cross patterns with pitches in the order of 90 μm.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CSD2007-00013Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FIS2009-0952Castilla y León. Junta; SA086A12-

Psychometric Validation and Reference Norms for the European Spanish Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire: DCDQ-ES

[Abstract] The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is a widely used and well-validated tool that contributes to the diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The aim of this study was to further analyze the psychometric properties of the European Spanish cross-culturally adapted version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-ES) in a sample of Spanish children aged 6–11 years and to establish reference norms with respect to age groups. Parents of 540 typically developing children completed the DCDQ-ES. A second sample of 30 children with probable DCD (pDCD) was used to test its discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure and the internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.907). Significant differences between age groups were found. The pDCD group scored significantly lower than the reference sample in the three subscales and DCDQ-ES total score (p < 0.001; AUC = 0.872). The DCDQ-ES is a reliable and valid tool for screening motor coordination difficulties in Spanish children and for identifying children with probable DCD. The findings of this research suggest that context-specific cut-off scores should be systematically utilized when using cross-cultural adaptations of the DCDQ. Age-specific cut-off scores for Spanish children are provided.Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2018/150Xunta de Galiclia; ED431G 2019/01This research was partially funded by the European Social Fund 2014–2020 and Galician Government, grant number ED481A-2018/150. The APC was funded by CITIC, Research Centre of the Galician University System, supported by the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional of Xunta de Galicia through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with 80%, Operational Programme ERDF Galicia 2014–2020 and the remaining 20% by the Secretaría Xeral de Universidades, grant number ED431G 2019/01

A robot-based surveillance system for recognising distress hand signal

[EN] Unfortunately, there are still cases of domestic violence or situations where it is necessary to call for help without arousing the suspicion of the aggressor. In these situations, the help signal devised by the Canadian Women's Foundation has proven to be effective in reporting a risky situation. By displaying a sequence of hand signals, it is possible to report that help is needed. This work presents a vision-based system that detects this sequence and implements it in a social robot, so that it can automatically identify unwanted situations and alert the authorities. The gesture recognition pipeline presented in this work is integrated into a cognitive architecture used to generate behaviours in robots. In this way, the robot interacts with humans and is able to detect if a person is calling for help. In that case, the robot will act accordingly without alerting the aggressor. The proposed vision system uses the MediaPipe library to detect people in an image and locate the hands, from which it extracts a set of hand landmarks that identify which gesture is being made. By analysing the sequence of detected gestures, it can identify whether a person is performing the distress hand signal with an accuracy of 96.43%.SIAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónEDMAR Project PID2021-126592OB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europ

Panel Experiencias Campus saudable

Panel presentado en el VII Foro Internacional de Innovación Educativa, celebrado en Vigo del 12 al 14 de julio de 2017. Incluído en el libro: Tendencias actuales de las transformaciones de las universidades en una nueva sociedad digital/Aurelio Villa Sánchez, ed

Effect of adhesive application on the shear bond strength using different cementing agents in molar and premolar attachments

[Abstract] Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and tubes to acid-etched human enamel when using different cementing agents. Study Design: One hundred and sixty metal attachments (80 tubes and 80 brackets) were bonded to human third molars and premolars that were randomly divided into identical groups of four: Transbond XT (XT); Wave MV Flow (WF); APC Plus System (APC); and Fuji Ortho LC (LC). For each experimental group, half of the specimens were bonded in combination with Transbond XT adhesive. After 72 h, a SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons, χ2 tests, and linear regression modeling. Adhesive remnant index scores were determined for the teeth after failure. Representative tooth surfaces from each subgroup were assessed under SEM. Results: Considering that each cement was observed, each of them showed similar SBS when the adhesive system was applied as when the adhesive was not applied. By comparing all cements together, it was noted that if an adhesive is not applied, all cements have similar values. If an adhesive is applied, cement XT, WF, and APC showed significantly higher SBS values than LC did. The tubes showed higher SBS than the brackets did in cements XT and WF with or without an adhesive, as well as APC Plus with an adhesive. Conclusions: The use of an adhesive system in bonding brackets and tubes does not influence the SBS obtained, independently of the cement