Kajian Populasi Kepiting Kenari Di Pulau Batudaka Kepulauan Togean, Sulawesi Tengah Dan Rekomendasi Manajemen Populasi

This study aimed to quantify the population of Birgus latro in the Batudaka di Togean islands, Central Sulawesi. The research on robber crab was conducted in Batudaka Island, Togean, Tomini Bay, Central Sulawesi. In the study site, 21 plots measuring of 50x50 m2 were created bounded by raffia. Feed in the form of shredded coconut is placed in each plot in the afternoon. At night was performed observations and catchs. In the "base camp" every crab crab carapace caught measured in carapace length and weight. During the study, 277 crabs were caught, consisted of 173 males (62.45%) and 104 (37.55%) females. Based on the formula calculation of Schiller (1992) population figures obtained 821 803 ± 195 030 crabs in Batudaka Island. By regression analysis between carapace length with weight, it was found that the growth of B. latro is negative allometric, i.e., weight gain is faster than the increase length of carapace. The weight gain of female is slightly higher than that of the male. Whether male crab population or female equally composed of 9 age groups. This study showed that 66.7% of male crab and 29.1% of female crab has entered the market size

Continuous and Segmented Flow Microfluidics: Applications in High-throughput Chemistry and Biology

This account highlights some of our recent activities focused on developing microfluidic technologies for application in high-throughput and high-information content chemical and biological analysis. Specifically, we discuss the use of continuous and segmented flow microfluidics for artificial membrane formation, the analysis of single cells and organisms, nanomaterial synthesis and DNA amplification via the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we report on recent developments in small-volume detection technology that allow access to the vast amounts of chemical and biological information afforded by microfluidic systems

Building droplet-based microfluidic systems for biological analysis

Abstract In the present paper, we review and discuss current developments and challenges in the field of dropletbased microfluidics. This discussion includes an assessment of the basic fluid dynamics of segmented flows, material requirements, fundamental unit operations and how integration of functional components can be applied to specific biological problems

Facile tuning of the mechanical properties of a biocompatible soft material

ISSN:2045-232

Hybrid Microfluidic Device for High Throughput Isolation of Cells Using Aptamer Functionalized Diatom Frustules

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), secreted from primary and metastatic malignancies, hold a wealth of essential diagnostic and prognostic data for multiple cancers. Significantly, the information contained within these cells may hold the key to understanding cancer metastasis, both individually and fundamentally. Accordingly, developing ways to identify, isolate and interrogate CTCs plays an essential role in modern cancer research. Unfortunately, CTCs are typically present in the blood in vanishingly low titers and mixed with other blood components, making their isolation and analysis extremely challenging. Herein, we report the design, fabrication and optimization of a microfluidic device capable of automatically isolating CTCs from whole blood. This is achieved in two steps, via the passive viscoelastic separation of CTCs and white blood cells (WBCs) from red blood cells (RBCs), and subsequent active magnetophoretic separation of CTCs from WBCs. We detail the specific geometries required to balance the elastic and inertial forces required for successful passive separation of RBCs, and the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize active magnetophoretic separation. We subsequently describe the use of magnetic biosilica frustules, extracted from Chaetoceros sp. diatoms, to fluorescently tag CTCs and facilitate magnetic isolation. Finally, we use our microfluidic platform to separate HepG2-derived CTCs from whole blood, demonstrating exceptional CTC recovery (94.6%) and purity (89.7%

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that accompany system miniaturisation. Advantages include the ability to efficiently process nano- to femoto- liter volumes of sample, facile integration of functional components, an intrinsic predisposition towards large-scale multiplexing, enhanced analytical throughput, improved control and reduced instrumental footprints.

Directed Evolution of Microorganisms for Engineered Living Materials

Microorganisms can create engineered materials with exquisite structures and living functionalities. Although synthetic biology tools to genetically manipulate microorganisms continue to expand, the bottom-up rational design of engineered living materials still relies on prior knowledge of genotype-phenotype links for the function of interest. Here, we utilize a high-throughput directed evolution platform to enhance the fitness of whole microorganisms under selection pressure and identify novel genetic pathways to program the functionalities of engineered living materials. Using Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans as a model cellulose-producing microorganism, we show that our droplet-based microfluidic platform enables the directed evolution of these bacteria towards a small number of cellulose overproducers from an initial pool of 40'000 random mutants. Sequencing of the evolved strains reveals an unexpected link between the cellulose-forming ability of the bacteria and a gene encoding a protease complex responsible for protein turnover in the cell. The ability to enhance the fitness of microorganisms towards specific phenotypes and to discover new genotype-phenotype links makes this high-throughput directed evolution platform a promising tool for the development of the next generation of engineered living materials

Direct isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human blood using viscoelastic microfluidics

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; <200 nm) that contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins are considered promising biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases. Conventional methods for sEV isolation from blood are incompatible with routine clinical workflows, significantly hampering the utilization of blood-derived sEVs in clinical settings. Here, we present a simple, viscoelastic-based microfluidic platform for label-free isolation of sEVs from human blood. The separation performance of the device is assessed by isolating fluorescent sEVs from whole blood, demonstrating purities and recovery rates of over 97 and 87%, respectively. Significantly, our viscoelastic-based microfluidic method also provides for a remarkable increase in sEV yield compared to gold-standard ultracentrifugation, with proteomic profiles of blood-derived sEVs purified by both methods showing similar protein compositions. To demonstrate the clinical utility of the approach, we isolate sEVs from blood samples of 20 patients with cancer and 20 healthy donors, demonstrating that elevated sEV concentrations can be observed in blood derived from patients with cancer

Self-Compensating Liquid-Repellent Surfaces with Stratified Morphology.

Artificial liquid-repellent surfaces have recently attracted vast scientific attention; however, achieving mechanical robustness remains a formidable challenge before industrialization can be realized. To this end, inspired by plateaus in geological landscapes, a self-compensating strategy is developed to pave the way for the synthesis of durable repellent surfaces. This self-compensating surface comprises tall hydrophobic structural elements, which can repel liquid droplets. When these elements are damaged, they expose shorter structural elements that also suspend the droplets and thus preserve interfacial repellency. An example of this plateau-inspired stratified surface was created by three-dimensional (3D) direct laser lithography micro-nano fabrication. Even after being subjected to serious frictional damage, it maintained static repellency to water with a contact angle above 147° and was simultaneously able to endure high pressures arising from droplet impacts. Extending the scope of nature-inspired functional surfaces from conventional biomimetics to geological landscapes, this work demonstrates that the plateau-inspired self-compensating strategy can provide an unprecedented level of robustness in terms of sustained liquid repellency