N-(Phosphonomethyl)Glycine Interactions With Soils

Glyphosate is a non selective, broad spectrum, postemergent herbicide widely used in weed control. The adsorption isotherms and surface coverage of glyphosate (NPhosphonomethylglycine,PMG) in aqueous suspensions of Argentine soils as a function ofPMG concentration and pH were measured. Zeta potential curves for the PMG/soils system were also determined. The formation of inner sphere surface complexes of PMG on the soil surface, were analyzed as a function of pH and surface coverage.Glifosato es un herbicida no selectivo, post-emergente y de amplio espectro, muy utilizado para el control de malezas. Las isotermas de adsorción y el cubrimiento superficial de glifosato (N-fosfonometilglicina, PMG) en suspensiones acuosas de suelos argentinos fueron medidas como una función de la concentración de PMG y del pH. También fueron determinadas las curvas de potencial zeta para el sistema PMG/suelo. La formación de complejos superficiales de esfera interna de PMG sobre la superficie de los suelos fue analizada como una función del pH y del cubrimiento superficial.Fil: Pessagno, Romina Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Abad de Los Santos, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Torres Sanchez, Rosa Maria. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica; Argentin

Water renewal mechanisms of the Bay of Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar

The Bay of Algeciras (BA) is a marine environment subject to high levels of anthropogenic pressure. Here we analyze observations collected at the Bay and the results of an ocean circulation model to investigate its circulation and variability. Special attention is paid to the identification of the mechanisms enhancing the exchange of water with the adjacent Strait of Gibraltar and therefore contributing to maintain satisfactory levels of water quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Metabolic changes upon GLS inhibition by CB-839 in glioma cell lines

Many tumors use Gln for both energy generation and as a biosynthetic precursor. Glutaminases (GAs) catalyze the first step of glutaminolysis by converting glutamine (Gln) into glutamate and ammonia in the mitochondria. In humans, two genes encode for glutaminases: GLS and GLS2. We examined the metabolic consequences of inhibiting GLS activity in glioma cells by using the clinically relevant inhibitor CB-839. We treated three glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines with CB-839 and performed untargeted metabolomics and isotope tracing experiments using U-13C-labeled Gln and 15N-labeled Gln in the amido group to ascertain the metabolic fates of Gln carbon and nitrogen. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that CB-839 treatment significantly depleted tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) intermediates and related metabolites in the three human glioblastoma cell lines assayed. This result was also confirmed by a lower labeling from U-13C- Gln in these metabolites. U-13C- Gln tracing also revealed reductive carboxylation-related labeling in these cell lines, and this pathways was also suppressed by CB-839. Metabolomics results showed an accumulation of the de novo purine biosynthesis intermediates inosine monophosphate and/or AICAR, and a decrease in uridine monophosphate, while 15N-Gln tracing results showed a decreased labeling from Gln amido group in AMP, GMP, UMP and CTP in T98G cell line when treated with CB-839. Finally, metabolomics showed higher levels of trimethyllysine and, in T98G cells, a 22-fold increase in 5-methyl-cytosine.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

What does cause the collapse of the western Alboran gyre?

The stability of the Western Alboran Gyre (WAG) is investigated on the basis of the outputs of a state-of-the-art Operational Oceanography System of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea. The system is based on a high-resolution (up to 500 m within Gibraltar) primitive-equation circulation model (MIT General Circulation Model) nested to a larger-scale model of the Mediterranean Sea. It is forced by tides and atmospheric (momentum, heat, and fresh water) fluxes provided by the Spanish meteorological Agency. Satellite and model SST corresponding to a hindcast run of Autumn 2011 show the classical circulation of the Alboran Sea at the beginning of October, characterized by the presence of two well developed anticyclonic gyres with the Atlantic jet flowing north-east at the exit of the strait to surround the WAG. This configuration breaks down within a time-scale of three weeks. In a first stage, the WAG undergoes a noticeable weakening and moves slightly to the east. This, in turn, makes possible the (natural) southward veering of the Atlantic jet and the formation of a new gyre on the African coast. It is shown that the WAG perturbations that triggers the sequence is produced by an event of vortex-vortex interaction between the WAG and a cyclonic gyre generated between the Atlantic Jet and Spanish coast. The development of the cyclonic gyre is explained in terms of the advection of tidally-induced positive shear vorticity generated near the lateral boundaries of the Strait of Gibraltar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Antioxidant responses related to temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Universidad de Málaga CBUA.Glioblastoma remains one of the most challenging and devastating cancers, with only a very small proportion of patients achieving 5-year survival. The current standard of care consists of surgery, followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and maintenance chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. To date, this drug is the only one that provides a significant survival benefit, albeit modest, as patients end up acquiring resistance to this drug. As a result, tumor progression and recurrence inevitably occur, leading to death. Several factors have been proposed to explain this resistance, including an upregulated antioxidant system to keep the elevated intracellular ROS levels, a hallmark of cancer cells, under control. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of chemoresistance -including the important role of glioblastoma stem cells-with emphasis on antioxidant defenses and how agents that impair redox balance (i.e.: sulfasalazine, erastin, CB-839, withaferin, resveratrol, curcumin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) might be advantageous in combined therapies against this type of cancer.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Modelo hidrodinámico de alta resolución del puerto de Algeciras – proyecto SAMPA2

El proyecto SAMPA, financiado por la Autoridad Portuaria de la Bahía de Algeciras (APBA) y Puertos del Estado entre los años 2010 y 2013, fue proyecto piloto para la integración de un modelo numérico de alta resolución en un sistema operacional en el cual el Grupo de Oceanografía Física de la Universidad de Málaga (GOFIMA) desarrolló el propio modelo hidrodinámico [Sammartino et al., 2014; Sánchez Garrido et al., 2014]. Los productos operacionales servidos por Puertos del Estado (portal PORTUS) y la APBA (sistema CMA), alimentados entre otros por las predicciones derivadas de SAMPA, representaron el primer ejemplo de difusión de un forecast océano-meteorológico accesible tanto al público generalizado como al personal técnico marítimo empleado en el puerto. El modelo numérico que estaba detrás de SAMPA, sin embargo, no tenía suficiente resolución para llegar a resolver la dinámica portuaria, y la APBA, en el 2015, financió la segunda generación del proyecto (SAMPA2), con el objetivo de cubrir ese hueco. Entre la segunda mitad del 2015 y durante todo el 2016, después de haber realizado un atento análisis de los aspectos mejorables del actual SAMPA, GOFIMA desarrolló un sistema completamente nuevo: un modelo anidado en tres dominios acoplados, que proporciona un aumento progresivo de resolución desde la escala regional hasta la portuaria. A eso se añade el valor añadido de unas herramientas de análisis de calidad de agua del Puerto de Algeciras de acuerdo con las indicaciones de la ROM5.1-13.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Metabolic Adjustments following Glutaminase Inhibition by CB-839 in Glioblastoma Cell Lines

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor. Unfortunately, it is also one of the cancer types that has the worst morbidity and mortality ratios, so new targets and treatments need to be found. The metabolism of glutamine is fundamental for the proliferation of many tumor cells, including glioblastomas. Glutaminase isoenzyme GLS is one of the responsible enzymes for the pro-oncogenic pathways that induce metabolic reprogramming and leads to altered levels of some amino acids and other key intermediary metabolites in glioblastoma. Using the clinically approved GLS inhibitor CB-839 (Telaglenastat), we found significant changes in glutamine metabolism, including both the oxidative and reductive fates of Gln-derived alpha-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in three glioblastoma cell lines. One of them, the T98G glioblastoma cell line, showed the greatest modification of metabolite levels involved in the de novo biosynthetic pathways for nucleotides, as well as a higher content of methylated and acetylated metabolites.This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain, grant number RTI2018-096866-B-I00 (to J.M.M. and J.M.) and Junta de Andalucía, Grant UMA18-FEDERJA-082 (to J.M.). R.J.D. is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the National Cancer Institute (R35CA220444901), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, and the Moody Foundation. J.D.l.S.-J. is granted by FPU17/04084, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag