La investigación y el diagnóstico de proyectos de diseño

El objetivo de este documento es exponer y socializar experiencias docentes adquiridas durante la materia denominada Proyecto Terminal I, en la cual los alumnos deben ser capaces de plantear y formular un proyecto final en la licenciatura de Diseño de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). Uno de los retos fundamentales consiste en iniciar a los alumnos en una dinámica y actitud de“diseñador-investigador”. Para esto se profundiza en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de procesos teóricos, metodológicos y técnicos de investigación; tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Con base en estos conocimientos se orienta a los alumnos para que puedan diagnosticar problemáticas específicas de diseño y posteriormente plasmarlas en un protocolo de investigación. The purpose of this article is to present some teaching experiences acquired during the subject called Terminal Project I, in which students should be able to propose and develop a final project in the Bachelor of Design at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). One of the key challenges is to initiate students into a dynamic and attitude of “designer-researcher.” The Subject deeps in the teaching and learning of theoretical, methodological and technical research processes, both qualitative and quantitative. Based on this knowledge students are guided to allow them to diagnose specific problems and its translation into a design research protocol. objetivo deste documento é expor e socializar experiências docentes adquiridasdurante a matéria Projeto Terminal I, na qual os alunos devem ser capazes de formularum projeto final na licenciatura de Design da Universidade Autônoma MetropolitanaUnidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). Uno dos retos fundamentais consiste em iniciar aos alunosnuma dinâmica e atitude de “designer-pesquisador”. Para lográ-lo se aprofunda noensino-aprendizagem de processos teóricos, metodológicos e técnicos de pesquisa, tantoqualitativos como quantitativos. Com base nestes conhecimentos se orienta aos alunospara que possam diagnosticar problemáticas específicas de design para traduzi-las numprotocolo de pesquisa

Projetos vinculados de Design na área de síntese e avaliação na Universidade Iberoamericana na Cidade do México: estudo de casos

This paper objective is to present, socialize and share an experience in teaching – learning in the graphic design curriculum at the Universidad Iberoamericana. It centers in three linked project (PV) aimed at solving some design needs of real institutions by means of the techniques taught in Design VI course (Global Image: Identity and Signalectics). The first two agencies: Mexican Confederation of Organizations in Favor of Intellectually Disabled People, A.C. (CONFE) and Exceptional People, A.C. (GE) prepare intellectually disabled people to engage in a job, while the project for the third one, Vasconcelos Library (BV) that has the largest store of books in braille in Mexico City, will focus on the necessities of visually impaired persons. General purposes of these projects were to specifically design the global image for GE as well as apply to the three institutions, CONFE, GE and BV, the expressive iconicity’s values required by signalectic designs within our society’s cultural context through a signage system.Key words: graphic design, linked projects, synthesis and evaluation area, disabled people.O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, socializar e compartilhar uma experiência no ensino-aprendizagem do currículo de design gráfico da Universidade Iberoamericana. Centra-se em três projetos ligados (PV) que visam desenvolver alguns projetos necessários para instituições reais por meio de técnicas ensinadas no curso de Design VI (Imagem Global: identidade e sinalética). As duas primeiras agências: Confederação Mexicana de Organizações em prol das Pessoas com Defi ciência Intelectual, A.C. (CONFE) e Pessoas Excepcionais, A.C. (GE) preparam intelectualmente as pessoas com deficiência para participar de um trabalho, enquanto o projeto para o terceiro, Biblioteca Vasconcelos (BV), que tem a maior loja de livros em braile na Cidade do México, terá como foco as necessidades das pessoas com defi ciência visual. Os objetivos gerais destes projetos foram especificamente para projetar a imagem global da GE, bem como aplicar às três instituições, CONFE, GE e BV, valores a iconicidade expressiva de projetos exigidos pela sinalética dentro do contexto cultural da nossa sociedade através de um sistema de sinalização.Palavras-chave: design gráfico, projetos vinculados, síntese e área de avaliação, as pessoas com deficiência

La experiencia de la discapacidad como detonante para un diseño incluyente

Experimentar la discapacidad constituye un ejercicio que incide positivamente en la forma de diseñar, cuando esta acción pretende mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas en esta condición. Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio cualitativo realizado con futuros diseñadores, quienes vivieron las limitaciones de la discapacidad en un entorno determinado. La aportación radica en sistematizar estos resultados y evidenciar la importancia del Diseño Universal, ya que los alumnos, aunque conocen dicho concepto, no obtienen un aprendizaje significativo hasta que asumen una discapacidad, lo cual posibilita una transformación en su postura como futuro diseñador

La investigación y el diagnóstico de proyectos de diseño

The purpose of this article is to present some teaching experiences acquired during the subject called Terminal Project I, in which students should be able to propose and develop a final project in the Bachelor of Design at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). One of the key challenges is to initiate students into a dynamic and attitude of"designer-researcher." The Subject deeps in the teaching and learning of theoretical, methodological and technical research processes, both qualitative and quantitative. Based on this knowledge students are guided to allow them to diagnose specific problems and its translation into a design research protocol.El objetivo de este documento es exponer y socializar experiencias docentes adquiridas durante la materia denominada Proyecto Terminal I, en la cual los alumnos deben ser capaces de plantear y formular un proyecto final en la licenciatura de Diseño de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). Uno de los retos fundamentales consiste en iniciar a los alumnos en una dinámica y actitud de"diseñador-investigador". Para esto se profundiza en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de procesos teóricos, metodológicos y técnicos de investigación; tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Con base en estos conocimientos se orienta a los alumnos para que puedan diagnosticar problemáticas específicas de diseño y posteriormente plasmarlas en un protocolo de investigación

Puebla: una ciudad legible para todos

Desde muchas perspectivas, la ciudad es un espacio que se desea sea accesible para todas las personas. La accesibilidad, se fundamenta como uno de los ocho principios generales de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CDPD); y consiste en la promoción, la protección y el aseguramiento del goce pleno y en condiciones de igualdad de todos los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales, para todas las personas con discapacidad. En el ámbito del diseño gráfico y en materia de acceso a la información, la accesibilidad a veces no es posible, o mejor dicho, no se trabaja ni se logra con la eficacia que debería, ya que constantemente se olvida que parte de los usuarios de los diseños, son también las personas con discapacidad (PcD). Especialmente en materia de comunicación gráfica y acceso a la información, se olvida con frecuencia a aquellas personas que tienen una limitación visual y se intensifica así, mediante estas omisiones, un ámbito de desigualdad que pareciera inquebrantable. Este texto pretende exponer un ejercicio de diseño incluyente en una ciudad que trabaja por la accesibilidad. Es el caso de la ciudad de Puebla que ha implementado desde el 2009 un sistema señalético urbano y de acceso a la información para personas con discapacidad visual

Visualización web cuantitativa para datos cualitativos entre actores de una comunidad académica mediante lattices

The existing differences among generations go beyond those associated with age and stereotypes; technological changes and hierarchies, such as the student-teacher hierarchy create a gap that is produced with the social change, when young people acquire a vision of the world that is different to that of the elderly people, which is maintained along their lives, generating distances in the understanding among contemporary groups, also known as gaps. This research proposes a visualization of the gaps applying the Formal Concept Analysis, in order to determine the closeness and understanding among actors of two generational groups (teachers and students) starting with their activities in the educational context of the Metropolitan Autonomous University, Cuajimalpa Campus, from the generational, cognitive and digital gaps.Las diferencias existentes entre generaciones van más allá que las derivadas de la propia edad y los estereotipos; los cambios tecnológicos o las jerarquías, como la de alumno-profesor, crean una brecha que se produce con el cambio social, cuando los jóvenes adquieren una visión diferente del mundo de la que tienen sus mayores que se mantiene durante toda su vida, generando así distancias en el entendimiento entre los grupos coetáneos, también conocidas como brechas. En la presente investigación se propone una visualización de las brechas, a través de la aplicación de la teoría del Análisis Formal de Conceptos, para determinar la cercanía y entendimiento entre los actores de dos grupos generacionales (profesores y alumnos) a partir de sus actividades en el contexto educativo de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, partiendo de las brechas generacional, cognitiva y digita

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac