863 research outputs found
Consequences of limited sediment supply for long-term evolution of offshore tidal sand waves, a 3D model perspective
Field data show that offshore tidal sand waves in areas where sediment supply is limited have different characteristics (shape and dimensions) compared with their counterparts in areas with sufficient sediment supply. So far, only the initial formation of tidal sand waves on a sediment-starved shelf has been studied with a 2DV model that ignores variations along the crests. In this study, a 3D non-linear morphodynamic model is used to investigate the effects of sediment availability on the long-term evolution of offshore tidal sand waves. Overall, the simulated sand waves have characteristics that resemble those of observed sand waves. The mature sand waves that develop in the case of limited sediment supply (i.e., thickness of erodible sediment layer is smaller than the height of sand waves) are more three-dimensional, i.e., having isolated and more irregular crestlines compared with those in the case of sufficient supply. With decreasing sediment supply, sand waves have larger spacings between successive crests, smaller heights and they migrate faster. These differences in the characteristics of the sand waves start to occur once the hard bed underneath the erodible sediment layer is exposed
An interacting quark-diquark model of baryons
A simple quark-diquark model of baryons with direct and exchange interactions
is constructed. Spectrum and form factors are calculated and compared with
experimental data. Advantages and disadvantages of the model are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 3 eps-figures, accepted by Phys.Rev. C Rapid Communication
Soft-core meson-baryon interactions. II. and scattering
The potential includes the t-channel exchanges of the scalar-mesons
and f_0, vector-meson , tensor-mesons f_2 and f_2' and the
Pomeron as well as the s- and u-channel exchanges of the nucleon N and the
resonances , Roper and S_{11}. These resonances are not generated
dynamically. We consider them as, at least partially, genuine three-quark
states and we treat them in the same way as the nucleon. The latter two
resonances were needed to find the proper behavior of the phase shifts at
higher energies in the corresponding partial waves. The soft-core -model
gives an excellent fit to the empirical S- and P-wave phase shifts up
to T_{lab}=600 MeV. Also the scattering lengths have been reproduced well and
the soft-pion theorems for low-energy scattering are satisfied. The
soft-core model for the interaction is an SU_f(3)-extension of the
soft-core -model. The potential includes the t-channel exchanges
of the scalar-mesons a_0, and f_0, vector-mesons , and
, tensor-mesons a_2, f_2 and f_2' and the Pomeron as well as u-channel
exchanges of the hyperons and . The fit to the empirical S-, P- and D-wave phase shifts up to T_{lab}=600 MeV is reasonable and
certainly reflects the present state of the art. Since the various
phase shift analyses are not very consistent, also scattering observables are
compared with the soft-core -model. A good agreement for the total and
differential cross sections as well as the polarizations is found.Comment: 24 pages, 20 PostScript figures, revtex4, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Nucleon-Nucleon interaction, charge symmetry breaking and renormalization
We study the interplay between charge symmetry breaking and renormalization
in the NN system for s-waves. We find a set of universality relations which
disentangle explicitly the known long distance dynamics from low energy
parameters and extend them to the Coulomb case. We analyze within such an
approach the One-Boson-Exchange potential and the theoretical conditions which
allow to relate the proton-neutron, proton-proton and neutron-neutron
scattering observables without the introduction of extra new parameters and
providing good phenomenological success.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Baryon-Baryon Interactions
After a short survey of some topics of interest in the study of baryon-baryon
scattering, the recent Nijmegen energy dependent partial wave analysis (PWA) of
the nucleon-nucleon data is reviewed. In this PWA the energy range for both pp
and np is now 0 < Tlab < 350 MeV and a chi^2_{d.o.f.}=1.08 was reached. The
implications for the pion-nucleon coupling constants are discussed. Comments
are made with respect to recent discussions around this coupling constant in
the literature. In the second part, we briefly sketch the picture of the baryon
in several, more or less QCD-based, quark-models that have been rather
prominent in the literature. Inspired by these pictures we constructed a new
soft-core model for the nucleon-nucleon interaction and present the first
results of this model in a chi^2 -fit to the new multi-energy Nijmegen PWA.
With this new model we succeeded in narrowing the gap between theory and
experiment at low energies. For the energies Tlab = 25-320 MeV we reached a
record low chi^2_{p.d.p.} = 1.16. We finish the paper with some conclusions and
an outlook describing the extension of the new model to baryon-baryon
scattering.Comment: 12 pages LaTeX and one postscript figure included. Invited talk
presented at the XIVth European Conference of Few-Body Problems in Physics,
Amsterdam, August 23-28, 199
Sensitivity of modeled tracer motion in tidal areas to numerics and to non-Hamiltonian perturbations
This study focuses on the motion of passive tracers induced by the joint action of tidal and residual currents in shallow seas with an irregular bottom topography. Interest in this problem has rapidly increased in recent years, because of the detection of large-scale pollution of marine waters by plastics. Early simplified models considered advection of tracers by a two-dimensional depth-averaged velocity field that is solenoidal, thereby resulting in a system that is Hamiltonian and nonintegrable. Here, two new aspects are considered. First, the sensitivity of solutions to three different numerical schemes is investigated. To quantify the behavior of orbits, both the largest Lyapunov exponent and the K-coefficient of the zero-one test for chaos were calculated. It turns out that a new scheme, which extends a known symplectic scheme to systems that also contain non-Hamiltonian terms, performs best. The second aspect concerns the fact that a depth-averaged velocity field is actually divergent, thereby rendering the model of tracer motion to be non-Hamiltonian. It is demonstrated that the divergent velocity components, no matter how small, cause the appearance of attractors in the system and thus they have a strong impact on the fate of tracers. Interpretation of the numerical results is given by deriving and analyzing approximate analytical solutions of the system
Soft two-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials. II. One-pair and two-pair diagrams
Two-meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials are derived where either one or
both nucleons contains a pair vertex. Physically, the meson-pair vertices are
meant to describe in an effective way (part of) the effects of heavy-meson
exchange and meson-nucleon resonances. {}From the point of view of ``duality,''
these two kinds of contribution are roughly equivalent. The various
possibilities for meson pairs coupling to the nucleon are inspired by the
chiral-invariant phenomenological Lagrangians that have appeared in the
literature. The coupling constants are fixed using the linear model.
We show that the inclusion of these two-meson exchanges gives a significant
improvement over a potential model including only the standard one-boson
exchanges.Comment: 21 pages RevTeX, 7 postscript figures; revised version as to appear
in Phys. Rev.
Renormalization vs Strong Form Factors for One Boson Exchange Potentials
We analyze the One Boson Exchange Potential from the point of view of
Renormalization theory. We show that the nucleon-meson Lagrangean while
predicting the NN force does not predict the NN scattering matrix nor the
deuteron properties unambiguously due to the appearance of short distance
singularities. While the problem has traditionally been circumvented by
introducing vertex functions via phenomenological strong form factors, we
propose to impose physical renormalization conditions on the scattering
amplitude at low energies. Working in the large Nc approximation with
pi,sigma,rho and omega mesons, we show that, once these conditions are applied,
results for low energy phases of proton-neutron scattering as well as deuteron
properties become largely insensitive to the form factors and to the vector
mesons and yield a reasonable agreement with the data, for realistic values of
the coupling constants.Comment: 30 pages, 17 fig
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