Sustainable blends of LDPE/NR and sugarcane bagasse ashes with PE-g-MA thermomechanical relationships

The polymer blends obtained with residues that before were called wastes has been growing as a viablesolution, allowing improvements in the mechanical properties and as sustainable alternative. This workreports the effects of blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and natural rubber (NR), with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as filler, with and without polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA)how coupling agent. The dynamic mechanical behavior and a stress-strain analysis were studied. Thematerials were further evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and morphological observations.The results showed that incorporation of the PE-g-MA reduced the strain and improved the stress and theYoung module of the mixtures. Moreover, the presence of SCBA increased the hardness whilemaintaining the tensile strength and the elongation behavior of the polymer. The results demonstrate thepotential use of SCBA in the elastomer and thermoplastic mixture, free of vulcanization agents.Keywords: Sustainable blends, sugarcane bagasse ashes, natural rubber, low density polyethylene,polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride

Secagem de toras de clones de Eucalyptus urograndis em estufa solar

Drying is an important stage in the wood industrialization process, with the purpose of improving the quality of the material. However, it is an expensive process, and there is a need to reduce its costs by using methods that require less investment. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of a solar drying oven for drying Eucalyptus urograndis clone logs installed in the municipality of Macaíba, state of Rio Grande do Norte, in order to check whether the region is suitable for this practice; and ii) to evaluate the influence of different log diameter classes in the drying process. 1.50m logs were sectioned and separated according to four diametric classes. They were then weighed and placed in a solar oven, with daily measurements of air temperature and relative humidity and biweekly weighings during the observation period until they reached the fiber saturation point. The data were submitted to regression analysis, applying the variable selection procedure. At 35 days, all logs had already reached the PSF. However, the diameter measurements did not significantly affect the drying process, which proved to be efficient when compared to conventional and natural methods. Therefore, the solar kiln drying of logs becomes a viable method for the region.A secagem é uma etapa importante no processo da industrialização da madeira, tendo como finalidade melhorar a qualidade do material. Porém, é um processo oneroso havendo a necessidade da redução dos seus custos, por meio de métodos que demandem menos investimento. Desse modo, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficiência de estufa solar na secagem de toras de clones de Eucalyptus urograndis instalada no município de Macaíba, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com o intuito de verificar se a região é adequada para esta prática; e ii) avaliar a influência de diferentes classes de diâmetro das toras no processo de secagem. Foram seccionadas toras de 1,50m e separadas em função de quatro classes de diamétricas. Em seguida foram pesadas e acondicionadas em estufa solar, sendo realizado medições diárias da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e pesagens quinzenais durante o período de observação até que atingissem o ponto de saturação das fibras. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de regressão, aplicando-se o procedimento de seleção de variáveis. Aos 35 dias, todas as toras já haviam atingido o PSF. Entretanto, as medidas do diâmetro não afetaram significativamente na secagem, que se demonstrou eficiente quando comparada aos métodos convencionais e naturais. Portanto a secagem de toras em estufa solar torna-se um método viável para região

Civilisation et barbarie en France au temps de Montaigne

BORDEAUX3-BU Lettres-Pessac (335222103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Desenvolvimento de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) enxertados submetidos a diferentes níveis de reposição de água Coffea plant (Coffea arabica L.) growth with and without grafting and irrigation levels at transplanting time

Conduziu-se o presente trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro, enxertadas ou não, quando submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição de água na fase de implantação da lavoura, na ausência de nematóides. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação no Setor de Cafeicultura do Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras, no período de março de 2002 a setembro de 2002. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 x 5, envolvendo quatro cultivares: Acaiá Cerrado MG1474, Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282, IAPAR-59 e Rubi MG-1192, dois tipos de mudas (pé franco e enxertadas) e cinco níveis de reposição de água (40%, 60%, 80%, 100% e 120% da evapotranspiração), com intervalos entre as irrigações de dois dias. Foram utilizadas 3 repetições com 3 plantas por parcela, perfazendo um total de 40 tratamentos, 120 parcelas e 360 plantas no experimento. As características avaliadas foram: diâmetro de caule (mm), altura de plantas (cm), número de pares de folhas no ramo ortotrópico, número de ramos plagiotrópicos, massa seca das raízes (g) e massa seca da parte aérea (g). Concluiu-se que plantas oriundas de mudas, das cultivares estudadas, enxertadas sobre Apoatã IAC-2258, desenvolvem-se menos que as oriundas de pé franco na fase de implantação da lavoura, em solos isentos de nematóides; o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular da Apoatã IAC-2258 (porta-enxerto) não é alterado pelo uso de diferentes enxertos de porte alto ou baixo; quando não há limitação hídrica pronunciada, as plantas oriundas de mudas em pé franco desenvolvem-se mais que as plantas provenientes de mudas enxertadas; porém, em condições de déficit pronunciado, ambas têm seu desenvolvimento igualmente prejudicado no período de implantação da lavoura, em solos isentos de nematóides.This work had the objective of evaluating Coffea cultivars development, grafted and not grafted, in seedbed and their resistance to water application at crop implantation. The experiment was established in the seedbed and greenhouse at Coffee Sector of the Agronomy Department, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), from march 2002 to september 2002. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial schemes. 4 x 2 x 5 in greenhouse, was used four cultivars Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, Icatu Amarelo IAC3282, IAPAR-59 and Rubi-MG 1192 with and without grafting, and water addition at five levels (40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120%) of field capacity two-day intervals. Three replications were used and plots were constituted by three plants, in a total of 40 treatments, 120 plots and 360 plants in trial. Plants were evaluated during the same period after planting in the pots. The characteristics evaluated were: stem diameter (mm), seedling and plant height (cm), number of leaf pairs in orthotrophic branch, number of leaf pairs in plagiotrophic branch, root dry weight (g), above ground dry weight (g). All Coffea cultivars grafted in Apoatã IAC-2258 has less development than when not grafted. The development Apoatã IAC-2258 root system is not altered by other cultivars grafting. With sufficient water availability seedling without grafting has bether development than when graftd

ANTICORPOS CONTRA O HERPESVÍRUS BOVINO TIPO 1 (BoHV-1) NAS DEZ REGIÕES DE PLANEJAMENTO DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS, BRASIL

This study investigated the presence of antibodies and antibodiestiters against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in bovines at slaughter age in the ten planning regions of Goiás State. Blood samples (660) were collected in slaughterhouses under federal inspection and they were tested for neutralizing antibody by virus neutralization test. The results showed that 84.5% of serum samples were positive for BoHV-1, while the regionalized analysis found rates varying from 63.4% to 100%. This study revealed 36.3% of animals with high titers of neutralizing antibodies. The region surrounding Brasilia presented the highest percentage of animals with high titers (65.8%) and the Southeast Region of Goiás, the lowest (13.6%). The occurrence of high percentage of reagents with high antibody levels suggests the course of BoHV-1 active or reactivated infections among these animals

Effect of different levels of crude protein and electrolyte balance on performance, blood parameters and bone characteristics for broiler chickens in phase of 36 to 42 days old

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein (CP) and electrolyte balance (EB) of the feed of broilers. 480 male broiler of Cobb 500 strain were fed in the period 36 to 42 days of age with two basal diets, one with EB 200 and another with 240 mEq. kg-1, combined with CP levels of 18.00, 17.28, 16.56 and 15.84%. The reduction in CP levels had growing linear effect (P <0.01) on feed conversion of birds (BE 200 and 240) even with the supplementation of industrial amino acids. For weight gain, reduced levels of CP had decreasing linear effect (P <0.01) to birds consuming diets with EB of 240 mEq. kg-1 and quadratic effect (P <0.05) for those who consumed ration with EB than 200 mEq. kg-1 being the level of 17.54%, which resulted in better weight gain of birds. There was linear effect (P <0.05) of reduction in CP levels on the plasmatic values of sodium (EB200) and chlorine (EB240) and quadratic effect (P <0.05) on plasmatic concentration of potassium (EB200) of birds, being the level of 17.05%, which provided the lower potassium values. For the plasma levels of uric acid, total protein and calcium, and bone development, reduction in the levels of CP had no effect on neither one of EB levels studied. Supplementation with bicarbonate salts of sodium and potassium chloride was not effective in improving the performance characteristics the birds, in the values of electrolyte balance studied, since there were no performance improvements with increase the electrolytic balance of the diets of 200 to 240 mEq.kg-1

Rumen papillae keratinization, cell glycogen and chemical composition of the meat from young bulls fed different levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran

Objetivou-se avaliar a queratinização das papilas ruminais, o nível celular de glicogênio hepático e muscular, e a composição química da carne de tourinhos Nelore terminados em confinamento alimentados com níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu. Foram utilizados 28 animais, com idade inicial de 21 meses e peso corporal inicial de 356,7±19 kg, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso nos seguintes tratamentos: dois níveis de concentrado na dieta (65% e 71 %) associados ou não à inclusão de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu. Fragmentos do fígado, músculo e rúmen foram obtidos após abate dos animais. Os níveis de concentrado e de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu da dieta não alteraram as quantidades de glicogênio hepático e muscular, bem como não induziram a hiperqueratinização das papilas ruminais. A composição química da carne não foi alterada pelos fatores estudados. A inclusão de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu em dietas com elevada proporção de concentrado não induz a hiperqueratinização das papilas ruminais, bem como não altera a quantidade de glicogênio muscular e hepático e, as características químicas da carne de tourinhos Nelore.This study aimed to assess the rumen papillae keratinization, cellular levels of liver and muscle glycogen, and the chemical composition of meat from feedlot-finished Nellore young bulls fed with levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran. Twenty-eight animals with initial age of 21 months and initial body weight of 356.7 ± 19 kg were randomized to the following treatments: two levels of concentrate in the diet (65% and 71%), with or without inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran. Fragments of liver, muscle and rumen were obtained after slaughter of the animals. Levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran in the diet did not affect the quantities of liver and muscle glycogen, and did not induce hyperkeratinization of rumen papillae. The chemical composition of the meat was not affected by the studied factors. The inclusion of 35% babassu mesocarp bran in high concentrate diets does not induce hyperkeratinization of rumen papillae, and does not change the amount of muscle and liver glycogen or the chemical characteristics of meat of Nellore young bulls.