Mid infrared spectra of four green and remoistened wood species

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Radiative Thermal Rectification between SiC and SiO2

By means of fluctuationnal electrodynamics, we calculate radiative heat flux between two pla-nar materials respectively made of SiC and SiO2. More specifically, we focus on a first (direct) situation where one of the two materials (for example SiC) is at ambient temperature whereas the second material is at a higher one, then we study a second (reverse) situation where the material temperatures are inverted. When the two fluxes corresponding to the two situations are different, the materials are said to exhibit a thermal rectification, a property with potential applications in thermal regulation. Rectification variations with temperature and separation distance are here reported. Calculations are performed using material optical data experimentally determined by Fourier transform emission spectrometry of heated materials between ambient temperature (around 300 K) and 1480 K. It is shown that rectification is much more important in the near-field domain, i.e. at separation distances smaller than the thermal wavelength. In addition, we see that the larger is the temperature difference, the larger is rectification. Large rectification is finally interpreted due to a weakening of the SiC surface polariton when temperature increases, a weakening which affects much less SiO2 resonances

Texture and Porosity Effects on the Thermal Radiative Behavior of Alumina Ceramics

International audienceThermal and optical properties of ceramics are dependent on radiation scattering and cannot be determined by a knowledge of their chemical composition alone, as for single crystals. In this paper, extrinsic effects, such as roughness, porosity, and texture, on the spectral emissivity of alumina ceramics are investigated. Roughness effects have an influence mainly in the opaque zone; an important porosity dependence and the presence of a critical porosity threshold were observed in the semitransparent zone. Furthermore, it was shown that two ceramics with similar total porosities, but with different textures, possess radically different emissivities, showing that grain size, pore size, and spatial repartition of the grains are also crucial for an understanding of the thermal properties of the ceramics

Phonons and Hybrid Modes in the High and Low Temperature Far Infrared Dynamics of Hexagonal TmMnO3

We report on TmMnO3 far infrared emissivity and reflectivity spectra from 1910 K to 4 K. At the highest temperature the number of infrared bands is lower than that predicted for centrosymmetric P63/mmc (D6h4) (Z=2) space group due high temperature anharmonicity and possible defect induced bitetrahedra misalignments. On cooling, at ~1600 K TmMnO3 goes from non-polar to an antiferroelectric-ferroelectric polar phase reaching the ferroelectric onset at the ~700 K. The 300 K reflectivity is fitted using 19 oscillators and this number of phonons is maintained down to 4 K. A weak phonon anomaly in the band profile at 217 cm-1 (4 K) suggests subtle Rare Earth magnetoelectric couplings at ~TN and below. A low energy collective excitation is identified as a THz instability associated with room temperature eg electrons in a d-orbital fluctuating environment. It condenses into two modes that emerge pinned to the E-type antiferromagmetic order hardening simultaneously down to 4 K. They obey power laws with TN as the critical temperature and match known zone center magnons. The one peaking at 26 cm-1, with critical exponent \b{eta}=0.42 as for antiferromagnetic order in a hexagonal lattice, is dependent on the Rare Earth. The band at ~50 cm-1, with \b{eta}=0.25, splits at ~TN into two peaks. The weaker band of the two is assimilated to the upper branch of gap opening in the transverse acoustical (TA) phonon branch crossing the magnetic dispersion found in YMnO3. (Petit et al, 2007 PRL 99, 266604). The stronger second at ~36 cm-1 corresponds to the lower branch of the TA gap. We assign both excitations as zone center magnetoelectric hybrid quasiparticles concluding that in NdMnO3 perovskite the equivalent picture corresponds to an instability which may be driven by an external field to transform NdMnO3 into a multiferroic compound by perturbation enhancing the TA phonon-magnetic correlation.Comment: 39 pages, 9 Figure

High Temperature Far Infrared Dynamics of Orthorhombic NdMnO3: Emissivity and Reflectivity

We report on near normal far- and mid-infrared emission and reflectivity of NdMnO3 perovskite from room temperature to sample decomposition above 1800 K. At 300 K the number infrared active phonons is in close agreement with the 25 calculated for the orthorhombic D2h16-Pbnm (Z=4) space group. Their number gradually decreases as we approach the temperature of orbital disorder at ~1023 K where the orthorhombic O' lower temperature cooperative phase coexists with the cubic orthorhombic O. At above ~1200 K, the three infrared active phonons coincide with the expected for cubic Pm-3m (Z=1) in the high temperature insulating regime. Heating samples in dry air triggers double exchange conductivity by Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions and a small polaron mid-infrared band. Fits to the optical conductivity single out the octahedral antisymmetric and symmetric vibrational modes as main phonons in the electron-phonon interactions at 875 K. For 1745 K, it is enough to consider the symmetric stretching internal mode. An overdamped defect induced Drude component is clearly outlined at the highest temperatures. We conclude that Rare Earth manganites eg electrons are prone to spin, charge, orbital, and lattice couplings in an intrinsic orbital distorted perovskite lattice favoring embryonic low energy collective excitations.Comment: 32 pages with 5 figure

Paramagnetic Collective Electronic Mode and Low Temperature Hybrid Modes in the Far Infrared Dynamics of Orthorhombic NdMnO3

We report on far- and mid-infrared reflectivity of NdMnO3 from 4 K to 300K. Two main features are distinguished in the infrared spectra: active phonons in agreement with the expected for orthorhombic D2h 16-Pbnm (Z=4) space group remaining constant down to 4 K and a well-defined collective excitation in the THz region due to eg electrons in a d-orbital fluctuating environment. We trace its origin to the NdMnO3 high temperature orbital disordered intermediate phase not being totally dynamically quenched at lower temperatures. This results in minute orbital misalignments that translate in randomize non-static eg electrons within orbitals yielding a room temperature collective excitation. Below TN~78 K, electrons gradually localize inducing long-range magnetic order as the THz band condenses into two modes that emerge pinned to the A-type antiferromagmetic order. They harden simultaneously down to 4 K obeying power laws with TN as the critical temperature and exponents {\beta}~0.25 and {\beta}~0.53, as for a tri-critical point and Landau magnetic ordering, respectively. At 4K they match known zone center spin wave modes. The power law dependence is concomitant with a second order transition in which spin modes modulate orbital instabilities in a magnetoelectric hybridized orbital/charge/spin/lattice scenario. We also found that phonon profiles also undergo strong changes at TN~78 K due to magnetoelasticity.Comment: 40 pages with 8 figure

Paramagnetic collective electronic mode and low temperature hybrid modes in the far infrared dynamics of orthorhombic NdMnO₃

We report on the far- and mid-infrared reflectivity of NdMnO₃ from 4 to 300 K. Two main features are distinguished in the infrared spectra: active phonons in agreement with expectations for the orthorhombic D¹⁶2h-Pbnm (Z = 4) space group remaining constant down to 4 K and a well defined collective excitation in the THz region due to eg electrons in a d-orbital fluctuating environment. We trace its origin to the NdMnO₃ high-temperature orbital disordered intermediate phase not being totally dynamically quenched at lower temperatures. This results in minute orbital misalignments that translate into randomized non-static eg electrons within orbitals yielding a room-temperature collective excitation. Below TN ∼ 78 K, electrons gradually localize, inducing long-range magnetic order as the THz band condenses into two modes that emerge pinned to the A-type antiferromagnetic order. They harden simultaneously down to 4 K, obeying power laws with TN as the critical temperature and exponents β ∼ 0.25 and β ∼ 0.53, as for a tri-critical point and Landau magnetic ordering, respectively. At 4 K they match known zone center spin wave modes. The power law dependence is concomitant with a second order transition in which spin modes modulate orbital instabilities in a magnetoelectric hybridized orbital-charge-spin-lattice scenario. We also found that phonon profiles also undergo strong changes at TN ∼ 78 K due to magnetoelasticity.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Química Inorgánic

High temperature far-infrared dynamics of orthorhombic NdMnO₃: emissivity and reflectivity

We report on near normal far- and mid-infrared emission and reflectivity of NdMnO₃ perovskite from room temperature to sample decomposition above 1800 K. At 300 K the number infrared active phonons is in close agreement with the 25 calculated for the orthorhombic D¹⁶2h-Pbnm (Z=4) space group. Their number gradually decreases as we approach the temperature of orbital disorder at ~1023 K where the orthorhombic O' lower temperature cooperative phase coexists with the cubic orthorhombic O. At above ~1200 K, the three infrared active phonons coincide with the expected for cubic Pm-3m (Z=1) in the high temperature insulating regime. Heating samples in dry air triggers double exchange conductivity by Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions and a small polaron mid-infrared band. Fits to the optical conductivity single out the octahedral antisymmetric and symmetric vibrational modes as main phonons in the electron-phonon interactions at 875 K. For 1745 K, it is enough to consider the symmetric stretching internal mode. An overdamped defect induced Drude component is clearly outlined at the highest temperatures. We conclude that Rare Earth manganites eg electrons are prone to spin, charge, orbital, and lattice couplings in an intrinsic orbital distorted perovskite lattice favoring embryonic low energy collective excitations.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Química Inorgánic

Phonons and hybrid modes in the high and low temperature far infrared dynamics of hexagonal TmMnO<SUB>3</SUB>

We report on temperature dependent TmMnO3 far infrared emissivity and reflectivity spectra from 1910 K to 4 K. At the highest temperature the number of infrared bands is lower than that predicted for centrosymmetric P63/mmc (Z = 2) space group due to high temperature anharmonicity and possible defect induced bitetrahedra misalignments. On cooling, at ~1600 ± 40 K, TmMnO3 goes from non-polar to an antiferroelectric–ferroelectric polar phase reaching the ferroelectric onset at ~700 K.Room temperature reflectivity is fitted using 19 oscillators and this number of phonons is maintained down to 4 K. A weak phonon anomaly in the band profile at 217 cm−1 (4 K) suggests subtle Rare Earth magneto-electric couplings at ~TN and below.A low energy collective excitation is identified as a THz instability associated with room temperature eg electrons in a d-orbital fluctuating environment. It condenses into two modes that emerge pinned to the E-type antiferromagnetic order hardening simultaneously down to 4 K. They obey power laws with TN as the critical temperature and match known zone center magnons. The one peaking at 26 cm−1, with critical exponent β=0.42 as for antiferromagnetic order in a hexagonal lattice, is dependent on the Rare Earth ion. The higher frequency companion at ~50 cm−1, with β=0.25, splits at ~TN into two peaks. The weaker band of the two is assimilated to the upper branch of the gap opening in the transverse acoustical (TA) phonon branch crossing the magnetic dispersion found in YMnO3. (Petit et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 266604). The stronger second band at ~36 cm−1 corresponds to the lower branch of the TA gap. We assign both excitations as zone center magneto-electric hybrid quasiparticles, concluding that in NdMnO3 perovskite the equivalent picture corresponds to an instability which may be driven by an external field to transform NdMnO3 into a multiferroic compound by perturbation enhancing the TA phonon–magnetic correlation.Centro de Química Inorgánic