Digitizing the Monolingual Lusoga Dictionary: Challenges and Prospects

This article recounts the genesis, growth and turbulent events that accompanied the compilation of the Eiwanika ly'Olusoga, that is, the Monolingual Lusoga Dictionary. Contrasting academia with the trade, legacy with state-of the-art dictionary compilation software, high praise and visibility with daily and down-to-earth drudgery, it recounts the events chronologically, from humble to grand, from paper to digital, from success to insignificance, and leads to a set of highly realistic proposals to be considered by all those involved in the compilation of explanatory dictionaries for the African languages.Keywords: monolingual lexicography, dictionary compilation software, funding, academia, trade, digitization, lusoga, ugand

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Pushing Back the Origin of Bantu Lexicography: The Vocabularium Congense of 1652, 1928, 2012

In this article, the oldest Bantu dictionary hitherto known is explored, that is the Vocabularium Latinum, Hispanicum, e Congense, handed down to us through a manuscript from 1652 by the Flemish Capuchin Joris van Gheel, missionary in the Kongo (present-day north-western Angola and the southern part of the Lower Congo Province of the DRC). The manuscript was heavily reworked by the Belgian Jesuits Joseph van Wing and Constant Penders, and published in 1928. Both works are currently being digitized, linked and added to an interlingual and multimedia database that revolves around Kikongo and the early history of the Kongo kingdom. In Sections 1 and 2 the origins of Bantu lexicography in general and of Kikongo metalexico graphy in particular are revisited.Sections 3 and 4 are devoted to a study of Van Gheel's manuscript and an analysis of Van Wing and Penders' rework. In Sections 5 and 6 translation equivalence and lexicographical structure in both dictionaries are scrutinized and compared. In Section 7, finally, all the material is brought together.Keywords: Kikongo, Kongo Kingdom, Congo, Angola, Capuchins, Jesuits, Bantu, Latin, Spanish, French, Flemish, Authorship, Compilation Strategy, Language, Dialect, Orthography, Base Letters, Diacritics, Phonetics, Proto-Bantu, Translation Equivalence, Meaning Extensions, Paraphrases, Loanwords, Misnamings, Retranslations, Lexicographical Structure, Manuscript, Databas