The interactions between hemostasis and resistance training: a review

Physical inactivity is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is strongly associated with changes in arterial structure. Regular physical activity and exercise contributes to the prevention of coronary artery disease. Therefore, cardiovascular and resistance training improve hemostatic parameters and promote a less thrombotic blood profile. This review highlights the studies, mechanisms, and outcomes relating to the effectiveness of resistance training on the process of hemostasis. The Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, Ibecs, and Cochrane databases were used to locate the original articles. Seventeen studies were found during the research process. Of these, ten articles were excluded. Those protocols using a high volume of training for young adults showed a greater fibrinolytic response, and training protocols with intensities above 80% of 1 maximum repetition showed an increased platelet activity. In subjects with coronary artery disease, just one session of resistance training resulted in improvement in the fibrinolytic system (tissue plasminogen activator) without raising potential thrombotic markers

Effectiveness of exercise on cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Physical activity has a protective effect on brain function in older people. Here, we briefly reviewed the studies and results related to the effects of exercise on cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The main findings from the current body of literature indicate positive evidence for structured physical activity (cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise) as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for preventing cognitive decline. More studies are needed to determine the mechanisms involved in this preventative effect, including on strength, cardiorespiratory, and other types of exercise. Thus, the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease may depend on healthy lifestyle habits, such as a structured physical fitness program

Destreinamento de curto e longo prazo na capacidade funcional de idosas submetidas a um programa de treinamento resistido – Estudo Piloto / Short- and long-term training on the functional capability of aged women subjected to a resisting training program - Pilot Study

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade funcional de idosas treinadas após períodos de destreinamento de seis e 16 semanas. 42 idosas praticantes de um programa de treinamento resistido foram acompanhadas antes e depois de diferentes períodos de destreinamento, por meio de testes de capacidade funcional. O programa de treinamento resistido progressivo foi executado 2x/semana (aderência ≥ 85%), teve duração de 12 semanas e consistiu de sete exercícios para grandes grupos musculares (supino reto, puxada ou remada, cadeira extensora e leg press 45°, cadeira flexora, flexão plantar em pé e exercícios para o abdômen e lombar). Cada fase de treinamento teve duração de quatro semanas, sendo que a fase um consistiu de um período de familiarização e adaptação ao treinamento de força com 2 séries, 10-15 reps, PSE 5-6, seguida da fase dois, com 2 séries, 8-12 reps, PSE 7-8 e, por fim, a fase três com 3 séries, 8-12 reps, PSE 7-8, sempre respeitado 1 minuto de recuperação entre as séries e exercícios. Toda análise descritiva foi apresentada por média e desvio-padrão e a estatística inferencial foi realizada pelo Teste de Wilcoxon. O nível de significância adotado foi p ≤ 0,05. Em geral, os períodos de destreinamento, tanto curto quanto longo, não foram suficientes para induzir efeitos deletérios no desempenho funcional. Não houve nenhuma diferença significativa no desempenho dos testes funcionais avaliados durante os períodos de destreinamento de 6 e 16 semanas, exceto na agilidade de 6 semanas de destreinamento (p = 0,035). Estes resultados reforçam a importância da participação dos idosos em programas planejados e progressivos de treinamento resistido para a manutenção da funcionalidade física durante períodos de interrupção, muito frequentes nesta população.

Low dynamic muscle strength and its associations with fatigue, functional performance, and quality of life in premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and low disease activity : a case–control study

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare dynamic muscle strength, functional performance, fatigue, and quality of life in premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low disease activity versus matched-healthy controls and to determine the association of dynamic muscle strength with fatigue, functional performance, and quality of life in SLE patients. Methods: We evaluated premenopausal (18–45 years) SLE patients with low disease activity (Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index [SLEDAI]: mean 1.5 ± 1.2). The control (n = 25) and patient (n = 25) groups were matched by age, physical characteristics, and the level of physical activities in daily life (International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ). Both groups had not participated in regular exercise programs for at least six months prior to the study. Dynamic muscle strength was assessed by one-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests. Functional performance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG), in 30-s test a chair stand and arm curl using a 2-kg dumbbell and balance test, handgrip strength and a sit-and-reach flexibility test. Quality of life (SF-36) and fatigue were also measured. Results: The SLE patients showed significantly lower dynamic muscle strength in all exercises (leg press 25.63%, leg extension 11.19%, leg curl 15.71%, chest press 18.33%, lat pulldown 13.56%, 1-RM total load 18.12%, P < 0.001-0.02) compared to the controls. The SLE patients also had lower functional performance, greater fatigue and poorer quality of life. In addition, fatigue, SF-36 and functional performance accounted for 52% of the variance in dynamic muscle strength in the SLE patients. Conclusions: Premenopausal SLE patients with low disease activity showed lower dynamic muscle strength, along with increased fatigue, reduced functional performance, and poorer quality of life when compared to matched controls

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de portadores de insuficiência renal crônica em diálise renal

Aim:To evaluate the quality of life of people with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in hemodialysis treatment through the KDQOL-SFTM. Methods: Study descriptive - analytical, quantitative, with KDQOL-SFTM, in 32 patients with CRF. The answers to the questions of the questionnaire were distributed in a dichotomous scale and Likert scales, with the number of points ranging from ten to three. Results: The highest scores were the areas: the stimulation of the hemodialysis team (98, 44), sexual function (94.14) and symptoms and problems (76.04). The lowest were: burden of renal disease (12.34), physical function (23.44) and social support (30.21). Conclusion: The aspects that most affect the quality of life of these people encourage reflection about better planning and integral care by the health team, in order to attain a life of higher quality.Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de las personas con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC) en hemodiálisis, a través de KDQOL TM-SF. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, analítico y cuantitativo, utilizando como instrumento para recolectar datos el KDQOL- SF TM, en una muestra de 32 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Las respuestas a las preguntas del cuestionario se distribuyeron en una escala dicotómica y en escalas tipo Likert, con puntuación que va desde diez hasta tres. Resultados: Las puntuaciones más altas fueron en los campos: estímulo del equipo de hemodiálisis (98, 44), función sexual (94,14) y síntomas y problemas (76,04). Los menores encontrados: sobrecarga de la enfermedad renal (12.34), función física (23,44) y apoyo social (30,21). Conclusión: Los aspectos principales que afectan a la calidad de vida de estas personas hacen reflexionar sobre un cuidado más planificado e integral que será prestado por el equipo de salud, médica, lo que permitirá vivir con más calidad.Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade vida de pessoas com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) em tratamento hemodialítico, através do KDQOL-SF TM. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-analítico, quantitativo, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados o KDQOL- SF TM, numa amostra de 32 pacientes com IRC. As respostas para as questões do questionário foram distribuídas em uma escala dicotômica e em escalas tipo Likert, com número de pontos variando entre dez e três. Resultados: Os maiores escores foram nos domínios: estímulo da equipe de hemodiálise (98, 44), função sexual (94,14) e sintomas e problemas (76,04). Os menores corresponderam: sobrecarga da doença renal (12,34), função física (23,44) e suporte social (30,21). Conclusão: Os aspectos que mais interferem na qualidade de vida dessas pessoas permitem reflexões a respeito de um cuidado mais planejado e integral  a ser prestado pela equipe de saúde, permitindo um viver com mais qualidade

Diferença do nível de força de preensão manual entre alunos de EJA (supletivo) e discentes universitários / Difference in the manual pressure strength level between students the adult program studies and university students

Introdução: Algumas pesquisas vêm mostrando o grau de escolaridade de adultos e idosos influencia na magnitude de força e capacidade funcional dos mesmos, neste artigo, além da comparação entre o grau de escolaridade, observa-se a modalidade de ensino em que os sujeitos participam.  Objetivo: Avaliar a força de preensão palmar e o risco coronariano por meio de análise antropométrica e teste de Handgrip entre diferentes níveis de escolaridade em adultos. Método: Foram coletados por meio de teste e composição corporal os seguintes dados: IMC, risco cardiovascular (relação cintura e quadril – RCQ), percentual de gordura e água, força de preensão manual e medida da dobra cutânea do tríceps. Para as comparações entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste t pareado para os dados paramétricos e U Mann Whitney. Resultados: Foram avaliados 44 estudantes sendo 21 alunos de EJA e 23 Universitários com idade média de 29,4±12,2 anos, dos quais 12  dos indivíduos eram homens e 32 mulheres. Foram encontrados valores significativamente diferentes na média da força de preensão palmar máxima entre os grupos (p&lt;0,05). Mostrando que discentes universitários tem uma maior força de preensão palmar do que alunos de EJA.  Conclusão: Conclui-se que o grau de escolaridade e a modalidade de ensino tem influência sobre a força de preensão palmar de jovens adultos do Distrito Federal

Assessment of functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis : implications for recommending exercise

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune que se caracteriza por poliartrite crônica simétrica, de grandes e pequenas articulações, e rigidez matinal que pode levar a comprometimento musculoesquelético, com impotência funcional. O conceito da funcionalidade diz respeito à capacidade de o indivíduo realizar atividades e tarefas da vida diária e cotidiana, de forma eficaz e independente. O objetivo desta revisão é familiarizar o reumatologista com o conceito de avaliação da capacidade funcional e os testes que podem ser aplicados nessa população, pois são passos importantes para uma prescrição adequada de exercícios físicos, A partir de testes funcionais já utilizados em população idosa, o Laboratório de Aptidão Física e Reumatologia - LAR - Brasília, que acompanha os pacientes da Coorte Brasília de Artrite Reumatoide Inicial, descreve neste artigo um protocolo de testes para avaliação da capacidade funcional para aplicação nos pacientes com diagnóstico de AR, incluindo a descrição dos seguintes testes: 1) Sentar e Alcançar; 2) Agilidade/Equilíbrio Dinâmico; 3) Dinamometria Manual; 4) Sentar e Levantar; 5) Rosca Bíceps e 6) Teste da Caminhada de Seis Minutos.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric polyarthritis of large and small joints and by morning stiffness that may lead to musculoskeletal impairment, with functional impotence. The concept of functionality relates to the ability of an individual to perform effectively and independently daily activities and tasks of everyday life. The aim of this review is to familiarize the rheumatologist with the concept of functional capacity evaluation and with the tests that can be applied in this population, as these are important steps for a proper exercise prescription. From functional tests already used in the elderly population, the Physical Fitness and Rheumatology Laboratory - LAR - Brasilia, which is accompanying patients from Brasilia Cohort of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, describes in this article a protocol of tests to assess functional capacity for application in patients with RA, including the description of tests: 1) Sit and Reach; 2) Agility/Dynamic Balance; 3) Manual Dynamometry; 4) Sit Back and Lift; 5) Biceps Curl and 6) Six-minute Walk Test

Proteolytic behavior of isolated Pseudomonas spp. from refrigerated raw milk in different concentrations and storage temperatures

The objective of the work was to evaluate the multiplication capacity and proteolytic activity of different Pseudomonas spp. cell counts inoculated in milk and storaged under different temperature. Strains isolated from refrigerated raw milk (RRM) were confirmed at genus level by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The Pseudomonas spp. was cultured in cephalothin-sodium fusidate-cetrimide (CFC) agar-base (30?C for 48 h) until it reached 2 log and 6 log CFU mL-1. Three of eight strains confirmed as Pseudomonas spp were inoculated in sterile reconstituted whole milk powder and incubated at 2°C, 4°C, and 8°C for 96 h. Primary proteolysis indices was determined by the Kjeldahl method. When taking into account the effect of storage time in Pseudomonas spp. population, it was found that the initial population (2 log CFU mL-1) showed significant difference in growth rates only from 0 h to 24 h, keeping at the same levels along 96 h. When a higher initial population was incubated (6 log CFU mL-1), it was not observed a significant difference for times tested. Related to the effect of storage time in proteolysis index, it was not observed a significant difference in samples inoculated with 2 and 6 log CFU mL-1 Pseudomonas spp. When we analyzed the influence of storage temperature on the bacterial multiplication, there was a significant difference in the Pseudomonas spp. population only between 2°C and 8°C after 96 h of milk storage with 2 log CFU/mL of initial inoculum. If we consider the temperature effect in the primary proteolysis index, there were significant differences at the inoculum of 2 log CFU mL-1 where the primary proteolysis at 24 h was lower at 2°C than at 8ºC. Low temperatures or short storage time had no influence on Pseudomonas spp. enumeration or in the primary proteolysis index when high initial contaminations are observed. At lower Pseudomonas spp. initial population, the smaller storage time tested influenced the population control, and linked with the reduction in the storage temperature, lower proteolysis index were observed

Dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on symptomatic individuals attending healthcare centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil

RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state's area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks