Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction

Conventional treatment for young Class III patients involves extraoral devices designed to either protract the maxilla or restrain mandibular growth. The use of skeletal anchorage offers a promising alternative to obtain orthopedic results with fewer dental compensations. Our aim was to evaluate 3-dimensional changes in the mandibles and the glenoid fossae of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction

Digital live-tracking 3-dimensional minisensors for recording head orientation during image acquisition

Our objective was to test the value of minisensors for recording unrestrained head position with 6 degrees of freedom during 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

Influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on cephalometric diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on CBCT-generated lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) using different segments of the cranium. METHODS: CBCT scans of 10 patients were selected. Four LCR were generated using Dolphin Imaging(r) software: full-face, right side, left side and center of the head. A total of 40 images were imported into Radiocef Studio 2(r), and the angles of the most common cephalometric analyses were traced by the same observer twice and within a 10-day interval. Statistical analyses included intraexaminer agreement and comparison between methods by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman agreement tests. RESULTS: Intraexaminer agreement of the angles assessed by ICC was excellent (> 0.90) for 83% of measurements, good (between 0.75 and 0.90) for 15%, and moderate (between 0.50 and 0.75) for 2% of measurements. The comparison between methods by ICC was excellent for 68% of measurements, good for 26%, and moderate for 6%. Variables presenting wider confidence intervals (> 6o) in the Bland-Altman tests, in intraexaminer assessment, were: mandibular incisor angle, maxillary incisor angle, and occlusal plane angle. And in comparison methods the variables with wider confidence interval were: mandibular incisor, maxillary incisor, GoGn, occlusal plane angle, Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP), and CoA. CONCLUSION: Superimposition of structures seemed to influence the results more than magnification, and neither one of them significantly influenced the measurements. Considerable individual variability may occur, especially for mandibular and maxillary incisors, FHP and occlusal plane

Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction

INTRODUCTION: Conventional treatment for young Class III patients involves extraoral devices designed to either protract the maxilla or restrain mandibular growth. The use of skeletal anchorage offers a promising alternative to obtain orthopedic results with fewer dental compensations. Our aim was to evaluate 3-dimensional changes in the mandibles and the glenoid fossae of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 9 and 13 years (mean age, 11.10 ± 1.1 year) were treated with Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (2 in the infrazygomatic crests of the maxilla and 2 in the anterior mandible). The patients had cone-beam computed tomography images taken before initial loading and at the end of active treatment. Three-dimensional models were generated from these images, registered on the anterior cranial base, and analyzed by using color maps. RESULTS: Posterior displacement of the mandible at the end of treatment was observed in all subjects (posterior ramus: mean, 2.74 ± 1.36 mm; condyles: mean, 2.07 ± 1.16 mm; chin: mean, −0.13 ± 2.89 mm). Remodeling of the glenoid fossa at the anterior eminence (mean, 1.38 ± 1.03 mm) and bone resorption at the posterior wall (mean, −1.34 ± 0.6 mm) were observed in most patients. CONCLUSIONS: This new treatment approach offers a promising alternative to restrain mandibular growth for Class III patients with a component of mandibular prognathism or to compensate for maxillary deficiency in patients with hypoplasia of the midface. Future studies with long-term follow-up and comparisons with facemask and chincup therapies are needed to better understand the treatment effects

Digital live-tracking 3-dimensional minisensors for recording head orientation during image acquisition

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to test the value of minisensors for recording unrestrained head position with 6 degrees of freedom during 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. METHODS: Four 3-dimensional pictures (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) were taken of 20 volunteers as follows: (1) in unrestrained head position, (2) a repeat of picture 1, (3) in unrestrained head position wearing a headset with 3-dimensional live tracking sensors (3-D Guidance trackSTAR; Ascension Technology, Burlington, Vt), and (4) a repeat of picture 3. The sensors were used to track the x, y, and z coordinates (pitch, roll, and yaw) of the head in space. The patients were seated in front of a mirror and asked to stand and take a walk between each acquisition. Eight landmarks were identified in each 3-dimensional picture (nasion, tip of nose, subnasale, right and left lip commissures, midpoints of upper and lower lip vermilions, soft-tissue B-point). The distances between correspondent landmarks were measured between pictures 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 with software. The Student t test was used to test differences between unrestrained head position with and without sensors. RESULTS: Interlandmark distances for pictures 1 and 2 (head position without the sensors) and pictures 3 and 4 (head position with sensors) were consistent for all landmarks, indicating that roll, pitch, and yaw of the head are controlled independently of the sensors. However, interlandmark distances were on average 17.34 ± 0.32 mm between pictures 1 and 2. Between pictures 3 and 4, the distances averaged 6.17 ± 0.15 mm. All interlandmark distances were significantly different between the 2 methods (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of 3-dimensional live-tracking sensors aids the reproducibility of patient head positioning during repeated or follow-up acquisitions of 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. Even with sensors, differences in spatial head position between acquisitions still require additional registration procedures

Unravelling the genome of the brackish water malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis

Abstract Malaria is a severe public health problem in several developing tropical and subtropical countries. Anopheles aquasalis is the primary coastal malaria vector in Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands, and it has the peculiar feature of living in water with large changes in salinity. Recent research has recognised An. aquasalis as an important model for studying the interactions of murine and human Plasmodium parasites. This study presents the complete genome of An. aquasalis and offers insights into its evolution and physiology. The genome is similar in size and gene content to other Neotropical anophelines, with 162 Mb and 12,446 protein-coding genes. There are 1387 single-copy orthologs at the Diptera level (eg. An. gambiae, An. darlingi and Drosophila melanogaster). An. aquasalis diverged from An. darlingi, the primary malaria vector in inland South America, nearly 20 million years ago. Proteins related to ion transport and metabolism belong to the most abundant gene families with 660 genes. We identified gene families relevant to osmosis control (e.g., aquaporins, vacuolar-ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPases, and carbonic anhydrases). Evolutionary analysis suggests that all osmotic regulation genes are under strong purifying selection. We also observed low copy number variation in insecticide resistance and immunity-related genes for all known classical pathways. The data provided by this study offers candidate genes for further studies of parasite-vector interactions and for studies on how anophelines of brackish water deal with the high fluctuation in water salinity. We also established data and insights supporting An. aquasalis as an emerging Neotropical malaria vector model for genetic and molecular studies

Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection

O artigo apresenta nas duas primeiras páginas nota de correção.Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-31T12:56:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_torres_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1095119 bytes, checksum: df9054f950a043553746f4758ab01c35 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-31T15:33:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_torres_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1095119 bytes, checksum: df9054f950a043553746f4758ab01c35 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T15:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_torres_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1095119 bytes, checksum: df9054f950a043553746f4758ab01c35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Simon Fraser University. Biological Sciences. Burnaby, BC, Canada.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina / Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires. Centro de Bioinvestigaciones. Pergamino, Argentina.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección Genética Evolutiva. Montevideo, Uruguay.European Bioinformatics Institute. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Welcome Trust Genome Campus. Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Notre Dame. Department of Biological Sciences. Notre Dame, IN.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Estadual Paulista. Departamento de Biologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Centre for Genomic Regulation. Barcelona, Spain / Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.Institut de Recherche pour le Development. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratoire d`Evolution, Génome et Spéciation. Gif sur Yvette, France / Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.European Bioinformatics Institute. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Welcome Trust Genome Campus. Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Université François Rabelais. Centre National de la Recherche Sicentifique. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l`Insect. Tours, France.Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP, CONICET). La Plata, Argentina.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Toronto. Department of Biology. Mississauga, ON, Canada.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Entomology Branch. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Atlanta, GA, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia. Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos. Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil /Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Farmácia. Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Entomology Branch. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Atlanta, GA, USA.The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Centre for Genomic Regulation. Barcelona, Spain / Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.European Bioinformatics Institute. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Welcome Trust Genome Campus. Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. oDepartment of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience. Mexico City, Mexico.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia e BIoquímica. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Florida International University. Department of Biological Sciences. Miami, FL, USA.Florida International University. Department of Biological Sciences. Miami, FL, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Departamento de Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Toronto. Department of Biology. Mississauga, ON, Canada.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP, CONICET). La Plata, Argentina.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.The John Hopkins University. Bloomberg School of Public Health. Deparment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Baltimore, MD, USA.Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas. Vitória, ES, Brasil.University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Department of Entomology. Urbana, IL, USA.Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Centre for Genomic Regulation. Barcelona, Spain / Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil./ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Faculdade de Computação. Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica. Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversity of Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias. School of Medicine– Center for Resesarch in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases. Department of Physiology. Santiago de Compostela, Spain.Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Department of Biochemistry. Blacksburg, VA, USA.University of Cambridge. Deparment of Veterinary Medicine. Cambridge, United Kingdom.Simon Fraser University. Biological Sciences. Burnaby, BC, Canada.National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Section of Vector Biology. Rockville, MD, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia. Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos. Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilEuropean Bioinformatics Institute. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Welcome Trust Genome Campus. Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.University of Manitoba.Department of Biological Sciences. Winnipeg, MB, Canada.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Entomology Branch. Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Atlanta, GA, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil..Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Geneva Medical School. Department of Genetic Medicine and Development. Geneva 1211, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Geneva 1211, Switzerland / Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Cambridge, MA, USA / The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cambridge, MA, USA.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. AM, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Faculdade de Computação. Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica. Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares. Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.National Institutes of Health. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Rockville, MD, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Médicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP, CONICET). La Plata, Argentina.Universidade Estadual Paulista. Departamento de Biologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.European Bioinformatics Institute. European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Welcome Trust Genome Campus. Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia. Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos. Campos de Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The John Hopkins University. Bloomberg School of Public Health. Deparment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Baltimore, MD, USA.University of Notre Dame. Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Notre Dame, IN.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos. La Plata, Argentina.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Departamento de Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Núcleo de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Macaé. Macaé, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Washington University School of Medicine. McDonnell Genome Institute. St. Louis, MO, USA.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Rhodnius prolixus not only has served as a model organism for the study of insect physiology, but also is a major vector of Chagas disease, an illness that affects approximately seven million people worldwide. We sequenced the genome of R. prolixus, generated assembled sequences covering 95% of the genome (∼702 Mb), including 15,456 putative protein-coding genes, and completed comprehensive genomic analyses of this obligate blood-feeding insect. Although immunedeficiency (IMD)-mediated immune responses were observed, R. prolixus putatively lacks key components of the IMD pathway, suggesting a reorganization of the canonical immune signaling network. Although both Toll and IMD effectors controlled intestinal microbiota, neither affected Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, implying the existence of evasion or tolerance mechanisms. R. prolixus has experienced an extensive loss of selenoprotein genes, with its repertoire reduced to only two proteins, one of which is a selenocysteine-based glutathione peroxidase, the first found in insects. The genome contained actively transcribed, horizontally transferred genes from Wolbachia sp., which showed evidence of codon use evolution toward the insect use pattern. Comparative protein analyses revealed many lineage-specific expansions and putative gene absences in R. prolixus, including tandem expansions of genes related to chemoreception, feeding, and digestion that possibly contributed to the evolution of a blood-feeding lifestyle. The genome assembly and these associated analyses provide critical information on the physiology and evolution of this important vector species and should be instrumental for the development of innovative disease control methods