O trabalho com a música na sala de aula: narrativas de professoras dos anos iniciais

Neste artigo, abordamos a música na prática docente como um dispositivo significativo para a ampliação da percepção, escuta e criatividade, oportunizando a ampliação do conhecimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Portanto, buscamos aproximarmo-nos dos educadores a fim de interpretar, por meio das práticas e ações desenvolvidas, como apresentam a música em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa seguiu o viés qualitativo, em uma perspectiva fenomenológica, baseada na hermenêutica de Merleau-Ponty. As narrativas produzidas pelas educadoras atuantes nos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental, formadas pelo curso de Pedagogia da UESB, campus de Vitória da Conquista – BA, permitiram perceber que as práticas musicais estão relacionadas apenas ao relaxamento e diversão dos alunos

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

La Educación Superior en la Amazonia hoy: inclusión, pertinencia y financiación en los programas de formación. Memorias del seminario internacional

Este documento recopila las ponencias y pósters presentados en el Seminario Internacional La educación superior en la Amazonía hoy: inclusión, pertinencia y financiación en los programas de formación. El evento se llevó a cabo los días 22 y 23 de noviembre de 2010 en Leticia-Colombia y contó con la participación de ponentes de universidades presentes en la Amazonía brasilera y colombiana, así como de asesores y expertos en los temas abordados en el encuentro, el contenido nos permite hacer un recorrido de la historia, consolidación y aprendizajes de los centros académicos de educación superior públicos que trabajan en la Amazonia brasilera y colombiana en áreas de frontera: Altamira, Benjamin Constant, Humaitá, Manaus, Parintins y Tabatinga y Rondonia en Brasil y Leticia, La Chorrera, Mocoa y Puerto Asís en Colombia. Tambien se incluye un artículo sobre los programas de educación inclusiva en la básica, en el municipio de Iranduba (Alto Solimoes/Amazonas). El panorama general muestra avances importantes en la cobertura, en el desarrollo de estrategias pedagógicas asociadas a las TIC y en la definición e implementación de políticas inclusivas y avances de investigación en torno a la comprensión de problemáticas psicoafectivas y psicopedagógicas que afectan la transición y permanencia de los estudiantes en los ciclos de educación superior. Al tiempo que evidencia la escasez de autonomía en decisiones de tipo curricular, administrativo y financiero de los nuevos campus; las limitaciones en infraestructura adecuada para su desarrollo (laboratorios, bibliotecas y acceso a Internet); la ausencia de programas integrales de Bienestar para estas comunidades educativas y un desempeño limitado de los docentes para atender poblaciones en contextos multiculturales. Los textos recopilados presentan programas y acciones en formación superior de diferentes regiones de la Amazonia, y de hecho varios enfatizan el reconocimiento de los contextos sociocultural y ambiental como requisito fundamental para diseñar e implementar los programas académicos. Por lo que más que mostrar un camino o modelo a seguir, el lector encontrará pistas en diversas experiencias y evaluará los alcances, las limitaciones y las perspectivas. Queda a libre albedrío de los lectores examinar la complejidad y la conveniencia de estas iniciativas, muchas de los cuales están en desarrollo y la magnitud de su impacto integral está aún por evaluar

Repercussões do processo de ensinar-aprender em serviços de saúde na qualidade de vida dos usuários Repercussions of the teaching-learning process in health services in the quality of life of users

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo foi o de conhecer percepções de usuários de serviços de saúde atendidos por docentes e alunos de cursos de graduação em saúde de uma universidade de Santa Catarina, Brasil, sobre a repercussão dessa participação na sua qualidade de vida e saúde. Os dados foram coletados pela técnica da entrevista em profundidade com vinte indivíduos que buscaram atendimento nos locais onde eram realizados os processos de ensino-aprendizagem. O processo de análise-reflexão-síntese dos dados, com base no referencial teórico adotado, evidenciou repercussões positivas na qualidade de vida e saúde dos usuários, particularmente em razão dos atributos identificados nas interações que mediaram o atendimento às necessidades específicas apresentadas por eles. O conjunto de categorias identificado nas interações professor-aluno-usuário pode ser caracterizado como um construto de atenção humanizada em processos de ensino-aprendizagem, o qual por si só, pelos seus atributos de cuidado, representa um espaço terapêutico e de realização para todos os participantes. Processos dessa natureza podem contribuir para a concretização das diretrizes curriculares, integradas às políticas públicas em saúde, as quais orientam para a assistência integral e humanizada, tendo em vista a atenção à saúde para promoção da qualidade de vida da população em diferentes contextos.<br>This study had a qualitative approach, with the purpose of understanding users' perceptions of health services provided by professors and students of undergraduate courses in health at a university in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and on the repercussions of this participation on their own health and quality of life. The data was collected by the indepth interview technique from twenty individuals who sought treatment in locations where teaching-learning processes were carried out. The data analysis-reflection-synthesis process, based on the theoretical reference adopted, indicated positive repercussions on users' quality of life and health, particularly with regards to the attributes identified in interactions that permeated the treatment of the specific necessities presented by them. The set of categories identified in the professor-student-user interactions may be characterized as a construct of humanized attention in teaching-learning processes, which in and of themselves, represent a space for treatment and its execution for all the participants, because of their care-related attributes. Processes of this nature may contribute to the establishment of curricular directives, integrated with public health policies, which could be directed at full and humanized health care, considering the promotion of the quality of life of the population in different contexts