An unusual case of accessory head of coracobrachialis muscle involving lateral cord of brachial plexus and its clinical significance

Knowledge of anatomical variations in the peripheral nervous system is key in the interpretation of unusual clinical signs or during physical or diagnostic imaging. This case study is a description of an anatomical variation between the coracobrachialis muscle and brachial plexus. In a routine dissection in the human anatomy laboratory, we were faced with an anatomical variation in the coracobrachialis muscle, observed in the upper right limb of a male cadaver. The coracobrachialis muscle had a common origin at the apex of the coracoid process and then divided into two heads. The lateral head followed its normal course until insertion into the middle third of the humerus, while the medial head involved the lateral cord of the brachial plexus before insertion into the intermuscular septum in the proximal third of the humerus. Atypical anatomical variations have clinical and surgical implications in procedures such as brachial plexus block and lateral cord compression. In these cases the result could be paralysis of the flexor musculature of the forearm and hypoesthesia of the forearm

Efeito da relação cálcio e magnésio do corretivo sobre micronutrientes na alfafa.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da relação Ca:Mg do corretivo sobre micronutrientes na alfafa, em experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distrófico

Herbage accumulation and canopy structure during stockpiling of Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars.

The objective of this work was to compare herbage accumulation and canopy structural characteristics during the stockpiling period of the Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, and Paiaguás cultivars of Urochloa brizantha. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates. The experiment was repeated for two years (2017 and 2018), under mechanical cutting conditions, and the canopies were stockpiled for 90 days, from March to June. In the first year, forage mass was higher for the Xaraés and Paiaguás cultivars; however, in the second year, Xaraés showed a forage mass higher than that of the other cultivars. The number of vegetative tillers at the end of the stockpiling period was higher for Paiaguás, contrary to what was observed for number of reproductive tillers. The herbage accumulation rate was higher for the Paiaguás and Xaraés cultivars. The Paiaguás grass stands out for its high herbage accumulation rate during the stockpiling period and for its higher number of vegetative tillers and lower number of reproductive tillers than that of the other cultivars. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o acúmulo de forragem e as características estruturais de dosséis durante o período de diferimento das cultivares Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés e Paiaguás de Urochloa brizantha. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O experimento foi repetido por dois anos (2017 e 2018), sob condição de corte mecânico, e o dossel foi diferido por 90 dias, de março a junho. No primeiro ano, a massa de forragem foi maior para as cultivares Xaraés e Paiaguás; porém, no segundo ano, Xaraés apresentou massa de forragem maior do que a das demais cultivares. O número de perfilhos vegetativos no final do período de diferimento foi maior para Paiaguás, contrariamente ao que foi observado para número de perfilhos reprodutivos. Já a taxa de acúmulo de forragem foi maior para as cultivares Paiaguás e Xaraés. O capim Paiaguás se destaca por sua alta taxa de acúmulo de forragem durante o período de diferimento e por seu maior número de perfilhos vegetativos e menor número de perfilhos reprodutivos do que os das outras cultivares

Storage of Amaranth Seeds: Reflex in Physiologic Potential.

The aimed to evaluate the effect of packages and different environment conditions in the maintenance of physiologic quality of Amaranthus cruentus seeds in the period of 300 days. The seeds used were from the cultivar BRS Alegria indicated for use in Brazilian winter. The experimental design completely randomized in factorial scheme (storage environment × package type × storage period) with four replicates. The amaranth seeds storage in plastic packages, in refrigerator and cold chamber, resulted in better germination maintenance ability. The conditioning in PET package, in natural and cold chamber environments promoted better results in relation to germination. The storage period did not present significant effect for the seeds stored in refrigerator and PET, although, for paper package there was reduction. The amaranth seeds, cv. BRS Alegria, can be stored in cold chamber for until 300 days, conditioned in PET, without reduction of its physiologic potential

Accelerated aging test for coffee seeds requires higher temperature.

The vigor tests are important tools used in the internal quality control by the seed companies. The accelerated aging test is a sensitive method for assessing the vigor of seed lots, as well as for estimating their storage potential. However, for coffee seeds there is little information about its use and efficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate methods of the accelerated aging test suitable for Coffea arabica L. seeds. Two studies were carried out. In the first, different temperatures (42°C, 44°C, and 46°C) and exposure times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, and 192 h) were investigated for the accelerated aging test. In the second, the best combinations of temperatures and exposure times were tested on coffee seeds from five different cultivars at temperatures of 44 and 46 ºC at times of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. After each aging period, the water content of the seeds was determined, and physiological quality was evaluated by the germination test. The temperature of 42°C leads to slow deterioration of the seeds and is not recommended for evaluation of Coffea arabica L. seed vigor at the exposure times from 24 to 192 h tested here. The accelerated aging test, carried out at a temperature of 44ºC for 72 hours or at 46ºC for 48 hours, allows the Coffea arabica seed lots to be separated into different vigor levels

Feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay.

This study evaluated the behavior and performance of lambs fed diets containing increasing levels of old man saltbush hay plus concentrate

IFNG +874T/A polymorphism is not associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis susceptibility but can influence Leishmania induced IFN-γ production

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interferon-gamma is a key cytokine in the protective responses against intracellular pathogens. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the first intron of the human IFN-γ gene can putatively influence the secretion of cytokine with an impact on infection outcome as demonstrated for tuberculosis and other complex diseases. Our aim was to investigate the putative association of IFNG+874T/A SNP with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and also the influence of this SNP in the secretion of IFN-γ <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Brazilian ATL patients (78 cutaneous, CL, and 58 mucosal leishmaniasis, ML) and 609 healthy volunteers were evaluated. The genotype of +874 region in the IFN-γ gene was carried out by Amplification Refractory Mutational System (ARMS-PCR). <it>Leishmania</it>-induced IFN-γ production on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants was assessed by ELISA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There are no differences between +874T/A SNP frequency in cases and controls or in ML versus CL patients. Cutaneous leishmaniasis cases exhibiting AA genotype produced lower levels of IFN-γ than TA/TT genotypes. In mucosal cases, high and low IFN-γ producers were clearly demonstrated but no differences in the cytokine production was observed among the IFNG +874T or A carriers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that +874T/A polymorphism was not associated with either susceptibility or severity to leishmaniasis. Despite this, IFNG +874T/A SNP could be involved in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis by influencing the amount of cytokine released by CL patients, although it could not prevent disease development. On the other hand, it is possible that in ML cases, other potential polymorphic regulatory genes such as TNF-α and IL-10 are also involved thus interfering with IFN-γ secretion.</p

Integração de dados de georeferenciamento e dados genéticos para o manejo da biodiversidade de recursos genéticos de ovinos no Brasil.

Existem relativamente poucas coleções de germoplasma/bancos de DNA de animais domésticos de produção distribuídos pelo Brasil. Estas coleções precisam de estudos básicos, a fim de atender as demandas futuras no país e até do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise crítica de um Banco de DNA a partir de dados espaciais (dados georreferenciados) e genéticos em relação aos locais de origem a partir de 3518 amostras de DNA originados de 17 diferentes grupos genéticos ou raças de ovelhas do Banco de DNA e Tecidos localizado no Laboratório de Genética Animal da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. O georeferenciamento mostrou que nem todos os grupos genéticos têm amostras no banco e as coletas foram concentradas no núcleo de conservação. Apenas 21% dos estados com uma determinada raça têm amostras no banco de genes. O número médio de animais amostrados por coleta foi de 32, enquanto a distância média entre pontos de coleta e núcleos de conservação foi 550 km. A raça Somalis Brasileira foi coletada apenas no seu núcleo de conservação. Não foram coletadas amostras para a raça Cariri. Apenas duas fazendas e uma raça no banco são da região norte. Dos 27 estados brasileiros, 13 proveram amostras ao banco de germoplasma, o que mostra a necessidade de coletas em rebanhos fora do sistema oficial de rebanhos de conservação para garantir que os estudos realizados utilizando este germoplasma não são tendenciosos. Sugestões são dadas para a melhoria da quantidade e diversidade de amostras do referido Banco de DNA