29 research outputs found

    Human Muscle Satellite Cells as Targets of Chikungunya Virus Infection

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    BACKGROUND: Chikungunya (CHIK) virus is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes in humans an acute infection characterised by fever, polyarthralgia, head-ache, and myalgia. Since 2005, the emergence of CHIK virus was associated with an unprecedented magnitude outbreak of CHIK disease in the Indian Ocean. Clinically, this outbreak was characterized by invalidating poly-arthralgia, with myalgia being reported in 97.7% of cases. Since the cellular targets of CHIK virus in humans are unknown, we studied the pathogenic events and targets of CHIK infection in skeletal muscle. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Immunohistology on muscle biopsies from two CHIK virus-infected patients with myositic syndrome showed that viral antigens were found exclusively inside skeletal muscle progenitor cells (designed as satelllite cells), and not in muscle fibers. To evaluate the ability of CHIK virus to replicate in human satellite cells, we assessed virus infection on primary human muscle cells; viral growth was observed in CHIK virus-infected satellite cells with a cytopathic effect, whereas myotubes were essentially refractory to infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This report provides new insights into CHIK virus pathogenesis, since it is the first to identify a cellular target of CHIK virus in humans and to report a selective infection of muscle satellite cells by a viral agent in humans

    Qualité de la litiÚre en aviculture. Aliments et qualités physiques des excrétas

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    National audienceThe current paper contains further results of a previous experiment in which predictions of water consumption and excretion were established for meat turkey-poults. The results, here, concern the prediction of the physical aspect of excreta. The excreta of turkey poults fed on 27 different pelleted diets were analyzed for their sticky properties using a rheometer designed for pastes. Visual scores for structural defects were also assigned to the excreta. The sticking level and the visual score were positively correlated (R2 = 0.26 ; n = 216) between themselves, and were each positively correlated to the water content of the excreta (R2 = 0.23 and R2 = 0.55, respectively ; n = 216). These measurements (mean values per diet) were related to the diet analyse using multiple linear regressions. The best equations were obtained with the variables « real applied viscosity » (RAV) and « cell wall retained water » (Watercw). The coefficients of RAV and Watercw variables were positive and negative, respectively. The R2 values of regression lines were 0.485 and 0.819 for the sticking level and the visual score, respectively. The water retention capacity of cell walls from diets depended on those of the raw materials introduced in diets and on the outlet pelleting temperature. The highest temperatures led to a reduction in the water retention capacity of cell walls. The latter capacities varied in a wide range (1: 4 minimum : maximum ratio) between the different raw materials.L’article dĂ©crit la suite d’une expĂ©rience dans laquelle avait Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie la prĂ©diction des consommations et excrĂ©tions d’eau chez les dindonneaux de chair. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s ici sont relatifs Ă  la prĂ©diction de l’état physique des excretas. Les excretas de dindonneaux nourris avec 27 rĂ©gimes granulĂ©s diffĂ©rents sont caractĂ©risĂ©s pour leur pouvoir collant Ă  l’aide d’un rhĂ©omĂštre destinĂ© aux matĂ©riaux pĂąteux. Des notes visuelles de dĂ©structuration sont Ă©galement attribuĂ©es aux excretas. Le pouvoir collant et la note de dĂ©structuration des excretas sont positivement corrĂ©lĂ©s entre eux ( R2 = 0,26 ; n = 216) et sont chacun positivement corrĂ©lĂ©s Ă  la teneur en eau des excretas (R2 = 0,23 et R2 = 0,55, respectivement ; n = 216). Ces mesures (valeurs moyennes par rĂ©gime) sont reliĂ©es aux caractĂ©ristiques des rĂ©gimes par rĂ©gressions linĂ©aires multiples. Les meilleures Ă©quations comportent les deux variables « viscositĂ© utile rĂ©elle " (VUR) et « eau retenue par les parois vĂ©gĂ©tales » (EauPAR.). Les variables VUR et EauPAR sont respectivement affectĂ©es de coefficients positifs et nĂ©gatifs. Les R2 des rĂ©gressions sont de 0,485 et 0,819 pour le pouvoir collant et la note de dĂ©structuration des excretas, respectivement. La rĂ©tention d’eau des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales des rĂ©gimes dĂ©pend de la rĂ©tention d’eau des parois des matiĂšres premiĂšres utilisĂ©es, qui varie dans un rapport de 1 Ă  4, et de la tempĂ©rature en sortie de presse. Les plus fortes tempĂ©ratures entraĂźnent une rĂ©duction du pouvoir de rĂ©tention d’eau des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales
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