Crossover behavior for long reptating polymers

We analyze the Rubinstein-Duke model for polymer reptation by means of density matrix renormalization techniques. We find a crossover behavior for a series of quantities as function of the polymer length. The crossover length may become very large if the mobility of end groups is small compared to that of the internal reptons. Our results offer an explanation to a controversy between theory, experiments and simulations on the leading and subleading scaling behavior of the polymer renewal time and diffusion constant.Comment: 4 Pages, RevTeX, and 4 PostScript figures include

On Kinks and Bound States in the Gross-Neveu Model

We investigate static space dependent \sigx=\lag\bar\psi\psi\rag saddle point configurations in the two dimensional Gross-Neveu model in the large N limit. We solve the saddle point condition for \sigx explicitly by employing supersymmetric quantum mechanics and using simple properties of the diagonal resolvent of one dimensional Schr\"odinger operators rather than inverse scattering techniques. The resulting solutions in the sector of unbroken supersymmetry are the Callan-Coleman-Gross-Zee kink configurations. We thus provide a direct and clean construction of these kinks. In the sector of broken supersymmetry we derive the DHN saddle point configurations. Our method of finding such non-trivial static configurations may be applied also in other two dimensional field theories.Comment: Revised version. A new section added with derivation of the DHN static configurations in the sector of broken supersymmetry. Some references added as well. 25 pp, latex, e-mail [email protected]

Evaluation of the 5th edition of the TNM classification for gastric cancer: improved prognostic value

The main change in the 5th edition (1997) of the TNM classification for gastric cancer compared to the 4th edition (1987) is the use of the number of involved nodes instead of the location of positive nodes. As a result stage grouping is also altered. A second change is the requirement for the examination of at least 15 nodes to justify the N0 status. Patients with fewer examined negative nodes are unclassifiable (Nx). Data were retrieved from a randomized trial database comparing D1 and D2 dissection and 633 curatively operated patients were included. According to the criteria of the 5th edition, 39% of the node-positive patients had another N stage compared to the 4th: 21% had a lower and 18% had a higher stage. 5-year survival rates according to the 4th edition N0, N1 and N2 groups were respectively 72%, 34% and 27%. According to the 5th edition these percentages were for the N0, N1, N2, N3 and Nx groups respectively 75%, 38%, 19%, 8% and 65%. The former 1987 N1 and N2 group were significantly split into three new N 1997 groups (P = 0.006, respectively P< 0.0005). The Cox's regression analysis showed the N 1997 classification to be the most important prognostic variable, with a higher prognostic value than N 1987. In addition, the new TNM stage was also a better prognosticator. The requirement for examining at least 15 nodes, however, could not be fulfilled in 38% of all node-negative patients and we found that a minimum of 5 consecutive negative lymph nodes is a reliable number for staging purposes. We conclude that the 5th edition of the TNM classification provides a better estimation of prognosis, however, examination of at least 15 negative regional lymph nodes is too high a threshold and 5 gives similar prognostic value. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

PHENIX Highlights

Recent highlights of measurements by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC are presented.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Talk at Quark Matter 200

Herbert Simon's decision-making approach: Investigation of cognitive processes in experts

This is a post print version of the article. The official published can be obtained from the links below - PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.Herbert Simon's research endeavor aimed to understand the processes that participate in human decision making. However, despite his effort to investigate this question, his work did not have the impact in the “decision making” community that it had in other fields. His rejection of the assumption of perfect rationality, made in mainstream economics, led him to develop the concept of bounded rationality. Simon's approach also emphasized the limitations of the cognitive system, the change of processes due to expertise, and the direct empirical study of cognitive processes involved in decision making. In this article, we argue that his subsequent research program in problem solving and expertise offered critical tools for studying decision-making processes that took into account his original notion of bounded rationality. Unfortunately, these tools were ignored by the main research paradigms in decision making, such as Tversky and Kahneman's biased rationality approach (also known as the heuristics and biases approach) and the ecological approach advanced by Gigerenzer and others. We make a proposal of how to integrate Simon's approach with the main current approaches to decision making. We argue that this would lead to better models of decision making that are more generalizable, have higher ecological validity, include specification of cognitive processes, and provide a better understanding of the interaction between the characteristics of the cognitive system and the contingencies of the environment

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of perpendicularly magnetized permalloy multilayer disks

Using a Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope, we compare the ferromagnetic resonance spectra of individual micron-size disks with identical diameter, 1 $m$m, but different layer structures. For a disk composed of a single 43.3 nm thick permalloy (Py) layer, the lowest energy mode in the perpendicular configuration is the uniform precession. The higher energy modes are standing spin-waves confined along the diameter of the disk. For a Cu(30)/Py(100)/Cu(30) nm multilayer structure, it has been interpreted that the lowest energy mode becomes a precession localized at the Cu/Py interfaces. When the multilayer is changed to Py(100)/Cu(10)/Py(10) nm, this localized mode of the thick layer is coupled to the precession of the thin layer