The Association between Socioeconomic Characteristics and Consumption of Food Items among Brazilian Industry Workers

Background. Dietary pattern plays a causative role in the rising of noncommunicable diseases. The SESI (Serviço Social da Indústria) study was designed to evaluate risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. We aimed to describe food items consumed by Brazilian workers and to assess their association with socioeconomic status. Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among Brazilian industrial workers, selected by multistage sampling, from 157 companies. Interviews were conducted at the work place using standardized forms. Results. 4818 workers were interviewed, aged 35.4 ± 10.7 years, 76.5% were men. The workers had an average of 8.7 ± 4.1 years of schooling and 25.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2 of BMI. Men and individuals with less than high school education were less likely to consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables daily, even after control for confounding factors. Men consumed rice and beans daily more often than women. In comparison to workers aged 50–76 years, those under 30 years old consumed less fruits and green leafy vegetables daily. Conclusion. The food items consumed by Brazilian workers show that there are insufficient consumption according to the guidelines of healthy foods, particularly of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits

Prevention of hypertension in patients with pre-hypertension: protocol for the PREVER-prevention trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Blood pressure (BP) within pre-hypertensive levels confers higher cardiovascular risk and is an intermediate stage for full hypertension, which develops in an annual rate of 7 out of 100 individuals with 40 to 50 years of age. Non-drug interventions to prevent hypertension have had low effectiveness. In individuals with previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes, the use of BP-lowering agents reduces the incidence of major cardiovascular events. In the absence of higher baseline risk, the use of BP agents reduces the incidence of hypertension. The PREVER-prevention trial aims to investigate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of a population-based intervention to prevent the incidence of hypertension and the development of target-organ damage.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with participants aged 30 to 70 years, with pre-hypertension. The trial arms will be chlorthalidone 12.5 mg plus amiloride 2.5 mg or identical placebo. The primary outcomes will be the incidence of hypertension, adverse events and development or worsening of microalbuminuria and of left ventricular hypertrophy in the EKG. The secondary outcomes will be fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, evidence of new sub-clinical atherosclerosis, and sudden death. The study will last 18 months. The sample size was calculated on the basis of an incidence of hypertension of 14% in the control group, a size effect of 40%, power of 85% and P alpha of 5%, resulting in 625 participants per group. The project was approved by the Ethics committee of each participating institution.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The early use of blood pressure-lowering drugs, particularly diuretics, which act on the main mechanism of blood pressure rising with age, may prevent cardiovascular events and the incidence of hypertension in individuals with hypertension. If this intervention shows to be effective and safe in a population-based perspective, it could be the basis for an innovative public health program to prevent hypertension in Brazil.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Clinical Trials <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970931">NCT00970931</a>.</p

The association between socioeconomic characteristics and consumption of food items among brazilian industry workers

Background. Dietary pattern plays a causative role in the rising of noncommunicable diseases. The SESI (Servic¸o Social da Ind´ustria) study was designed to evaluate risk factors for noncommunicable diseases.We aimed to describe food items consumed by Brazilian workers and to assess their association with socioeconomic status. Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among Brazilian industrial workers, selected by multistage sampling, from 157 companies. Interviews were conducted at the work place using standardized forms. Results. 4818 workers were interviewed, aged 35.4 ± 10.7 years, 76.5% were men. The workers had an average of 8.7 ± 4.1 years of schooling and 25.4 ± 4.1 kg/m² of BMI. Men and individuals with less than high school education were less likely to consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables daily, even after control for confounding factors. Men consumed rice and beans daily more often than women. In comparison to workers aged 50–76 years, those under 30 years old consumed less fruits and green leafy vegetables daily. Conclusion. The food items consumed by Brazilian workers show that there are insufficient consumption according to the guidelines of healthy foods, particularly of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits

Renal Dysfunction and Inflammatory Markers in Hypertensive Patients seen in a University Hospital

FUNDAMENTO: A doença renal crônica representa hoje um grande desafio para a saúde pública no sentido de se obterem conhecimentos para subsidiar intervenções que possam alterar a velocidade de perda da função renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a magnitude do déficit da função renal em hipertensos adultos e sua relação com marcadores inflamatórios: proteína C reativa ultrassensível, velocidade de hemossedimentação e relação neutrófilos/linfócitos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.273 adultos hipertensos, de ambos os sexos, sendo 1.052 com déficit da função renal e 221 sem déficit, diagnosticados pela equação Modification of Diet in the Renal Disease. A razão de chances (OR) e a razão de prevalência (RP) foram utilizadas para determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência de atividade inflamatória na doença renal. RESULTADOS: O déficit de função renal foi diagnosticado em 82,6% dos avaliados, sendo que a maioria da amostra (70,8%) estava inserida no estágio 2 da doença renal crônica. No modelo de regressão permaneceram independentemente associadas ao déficit da função renal a síndrome metabólica (RPajustada = 1,09 [IC95%: 1,04-1,14]), a proteína C reativa ultrassensível (RPajustada = 1,54 [IC95%: 1,40-1,69]) e a velocidade de hemossedimentação (RPajustada = 1,20 [IC95%: 1,12-1,28]). No entanto, considerando os indivíduos classificados no estágio 2 do déficit da função renal, a chance de alteração dos marcadores inflamatórios foram de OR = 10,25 (IC95%: 7,00-15,05) para a proteína C reativa ultrassensível, OR = 8,50 (IC95%: 5.70-12.71) para a relação neutrófilos/linfócitos e OR = 7,18 (IC95%: 4,87-10,61) para a velocidade de hemossedimentação. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram associação da atividade inflamatória e da síndrome metabólica com o déficit da função renal

Disfunção renal e marcadores inflamatórios em hipertensos atendidos em hospital universitário Renal dysfunction and inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients seen in a university hospital

FUNDAMENTO: A doença renal crônica representa hoje um grande desafio para a saúde pública no sentido de se obterem conhecimentos para subsidiar intervenções que possam alterar a velocidade de perda da função renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a magnitude do déficit da função renal em hipertensos adultos e sua relação com marcadores inflamatórios: proteína C reativa ultrassensível, velocidade de hemossedimentação e relação neutrófilos/linfócitos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.273 adultos hipertensos, de ambos os sexos, sendo 1.052 com déficit da função renal e 221 sem déficit, diagnosticados pela equação Modification of Diet in the Renal Disease. A razão de chances (OR) e a razão de prevalência (RP) foram utilizadas para determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência de atividade inflamatória na doença renal. RESULTADOS: O déficit de função renal foi diagnosticado em 82,6% dos avaliados, sendo que a maioria da amostra (70,8%) estava inserida no estágio 2 da doença renal crônica. No modelo de regressão permaneceram independentemente associadas ao déficit da função renal a síndrome metabólica (RPajustada = 1,09 [IC95%: 1,04-1,14]), a proteína C reativa ultrassensível (RPajustada = 1,54 [IC95%: 1,40-1,69]) e a velocidade de hemossedimentação (RPajustada = 1,20 [IC95%: 1,12-1,28]). No entanto, considerando os indivíduos classificados no estágio 2 do déficit da função renal, a chance de alteração dos marcadores inflamatórios foram de OR = 10,25 (IC95%: 7,00-15,05) para a proteína C reativa ultrassensível, OR = 8,50 (IC95%: 5.70-12.71) para a relação neutrófilos/linfócitos e OR = 7,18 (IC95%: 4,87-10,61) para a velocidade de hemossedimentação. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram associação da atividade inflamatória e da síndrome metabólica com o déficit da função renal.BACKGROUND: Today, chronic kidney diseases represent a great challenge to public health as regards the acquisition of knowledge to support interventions that can slow the progression of renal function loss. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the magnitude of the renal function deficit in hypertensive adult patients and its relationship with the following inflammatory markers: high-sensitivity C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 1,273 adult hypertensive patients of both genders, of whom 1,052 had renal function deficit, and 221 had no deficit, as diagnosed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. The odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence ratio (PR) were used to determine the probability of the occurrence of inflammatory activity in renal disease. RESULTS: Renal function deficit was diagnosed in 82.6% of the patients assessed, and most of the sample (70.8%) was classified as in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease. In the regression model, metabolic syndrome (PRadjusted = 1.09 [95%CI: 1.04-1.14]), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (PRadjusted = 1.54 [95%CI: 1.40-1.69]) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (PRadjusted = 1.20 [95%CI: 1.12-1.28]) remained independently associated with the renal function deficit. However, considering the individuals classified as in stage 2 of renal function deficit, the chance of abnormalities in inflammatory markers were OR = 10.25 (95%CI: 7.00-15.05) for high-sensitivity C reactive protein, OR = 8.50 (95%CI: 5.70-12.71) for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and OR = 7.18 (95%CI: 4.87-10.61) for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CONCLUSION: The results show an association of inflammatory activity and metabolic syndrome with renal function deficit

The association between socioeconomic characteristics and consumption of food items among brazilian industry workers

Background. Dietary pattern plays a causative role in the rising of noncommunicable diseases. The SESI (Servic¸o Social da Ind´ustria) study was designed to evaluate risk factors for noncommunicable diseases.We aimed to describe food items consumed by Brazilian workers and to assess their association with socioeconomic status. Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among Brazilian industrial workers, selected by multistage sampling, from 157 companies. Interviews were conducted at the work place using standardized forms. Results. 4818 workers were interviewed, aged 35.4 ± 10.7 years, 76.5% were men. The workers had an average of 8.7 ± 4.1 years of schooling and 25.4 ± 4.1 kg/m² of BMI. Men and individuals with less than high school education were less likely to consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables daily, even after control for confounding factors. Men consumed rice and beans daily more often than women. In comparison to workers aged 50–76 years, those under 30 years old consumed less fruits and green leafy vegetables daily. Conclusion. The food items consumed by Brazilian workers show that there are insufficient consumption according to the guidelines of healthy foods, particularly of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits