Use of small Atlantic Forest fragments by birds in Southeast Brazil

Small forest fragments may play a major role in fragmented areas, but there is scarce empirical data to test this hypothesis. To understand in which context birds can use small Atlantic Forest fragments, we tested the presence of 11 bird species in 30 small fragments (4–10 ha), in a range of matrices (eucalyptus-pasture), and in different landscape configurations. The results showed that landscape composition is a good predictor for presence of birds in small fragments and their use can be further associated with matrix type. Considering the number of species, and the species Chiroxiphia caudata, we found a pattern in which models that consider the matrix composition are the most plausible. Relative importance of the variables indicates that matrix is the most important single variable among the selected species (five among eight). This suggests that small fragments are effective for increasing connectivity, mainly in landscapes with a higher percentage of permeable matrix

ANÁLISE DE ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A LOGÍSTICA REVERSA: UM ESTUDO DE CASOS SOBRE AS SANDÁLIAS HAVAIANAS EM SÃO PAULO (SP) E JOÃO PESSOA (PB)

Advances in technology and marketing concepts have been contributing in reducing the life cycle of products and to their rapid discard. In the other hand, new sustainable strategies seek to close the product cycle in the market through reverse logistics. The present study aimed to examine the consumer’s willingness to return consumed products through two strategies for collecting, using Havaianas sandals as a case study: direct return or selective disposal. A total of 807 questionnaires were administered in two large Brazilian cities, João Pessoa (390) and São Paulo (417), and recycling cooperatives were visited. In total, about 80% reported using the sandal. In São Paulo city, among the almost 73% that were willing to return the sandals, 34% would do it without any financial encouragement. In João Pessoa, among the 85% that would return the sandals, about 43% would not need any encouragement. In São Paulo, the potential for selective collection (60%) is superior to direct voluntary return (40%), and in João Pessoa both strategies are equivalent. We concluded that: both direct voluntary return and selective devolution are viable strategies, but a pilot project seems to be necessary to better evaluate the different strategies; cooperatives of collectors of recyclable materials may be a good alternative as a collaboration to collect the urban solid waste; the shared responsibility between society, government and companies is helpful for closing the cycle of materials; and the reverse logistic may play an important role in the business competitiveness.O avanço da tecnologia e as atuais formas de marketing pressionam o mercado para um consumo demasiado, o que induz à redução do ciclo de vida dos produtos e implica no seu rápido descarte.  Novas estratégias sustentáveis buscam fechar o ciclo do produto no mercado através da logística reversa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar duas estratégias de coleta de produtos pós-consumo utilizando como estudo de caso as sandálias Havaianas: devolução direta e coleta seletiva. Para verificar a predisposição do consumidor mediante as estratégias de coleta, foram aplicados questionários em dois centros urbanos (João Pessoa e São Paulo), além de visitas realizadas em várias cooperativas de reciclagem. Do total de entrevistados mais de 80% declarou usar as sandálias. Em São Paulo, dos quase 73% dos entrevistados que devolveriam as sandálias, 34% o fariam sem necessidade de incentivo. Em João Pessoa, dos 85% dos entrevistados que devolveriam, 43% não precisariam de incentivo. Em São Paulo o potencial de captação através da coleta seletiva (60%) é superior ao de devolução direta voluntária (40%), sendo que em João Pessoa essas duas estratégias se equivalem. Concluímos que: a devolução direta voluntária e a coleta seletiva mostraram-se viáveis; o ideal seria um projeto piloto para melhor avaliar melhor as diferentes estratégias; cooperativas de catadores podem ser uma importante meio de captação de resíduos sólidos passíveis de reciclagem; a responsabilidade compartilhada entre a sociedade, poder público e privado podem contribuir para fechar o ciclo do produto; e a logística reversa pode ser vista como ferramenta estratégica de competitividade empresarial

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ